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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Special Collections | - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) - Non-routine specimen collection methods - Pediatric and geriatric considerations |
| Topic 2: Routine Blood Collections | - Venipuncture procedures - Equipment selection and use - Order of draw |
| Topic 3: Safety and Compliance | - Infection control and standard precautions - OSHA regulations and patient safety - HIPAA and patient confidentiality |
| Topic 4: Specimen Processing and Handling | - Common errors and rejection criteria - Quality assurance procedures - Specimen transport and storage |
| Topic 5: Patient Preparation | - Specimen labeling procedures - Patient identification and communication - Site selection and preparation |
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NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take when obtaining a throat culture?
Answer: A
Explanation:
When obtaining a throat culture, the phlebotomist should swab the tonsillar area and the back of the throat because these are the clinically relevant sites for detecting organisms associated with pharyngitis, such as group A Streptococcus. The swab should avoid the tongue, cheeks, teeth, and lips because contact with those surfaces can contaminate the specimen with normal oral flora and reduce diagnostic value. Swabbing the buccal areas collects cheek-cell or oral flora material, not a proper throat specimen. Swabbing visible mucus in the oral cavity is unreliable because mucus may not represent the infected pharyngeal area. Leaving the swab in the sublingual area is inappropriate because the area under the tongue is not the target site for a throat culture. Correct technique includes explaining the procedure, positioning the patient, using a tongue depressor if needed, quickly swabbing the tonsillar pillars and posterior pharynx, placing the swab in the correct transport medium, and labeling the specimen accurately. Reference topics: Special Collections; non-blood specimen collection; throat culture technique; specimen integrity; patient instructions.
NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following is the purpose of applying a tourniquet for venipuncture?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The purpose of applying a tourniquet is to enlarge veins. A properly applied tourniquet partially restricts venous return while arterial flow continues briefly, causing the selected vein to become more prominent, easier to palpate, and easier to access. This improves site selection and helps establish blood flow into the collection device. The tourniquet must not be applied too tightly or left on too long because prolonged stasis can cause hemoconcentration, discomfort, petechiae, or altered laboratory values. "To solidify veins" is incorrect because veins do not become solid; they become distended. "To shrink veins" is the opposite of the intended effect. "To roll veins" is also incorrect; rolling veins are a collection problem controlled by proper anchoring, not an intended effect of tourniquet use. The phlebotomist should apply the tourniquet above the intended site, palpate appropriately, remove it within accepted time limits, and release it before needle withdrawal. NHA CPT routine collection content includes standard tourniquet application and removal procedures, palpation, site selection, anchoring, and procedural steps for removing the tourniquet, tubes, and needle. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; tourniquet application; vein palpation; venipuncture preparation.
NEW QUESTION # 26
A patient calls about their laboratory results, which the phlebotomist has just retrieved from the office fax machine. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should give the report to the requesting provider to review and notify the patient. Laboratory results are protected health information and often require clinical interpretation. A phlebotomist should not independently review, interpret, or communicate diagnostic results unless facility policy specifically authorizes a defined action. Telling the patient the results directly can create legal, privacy, and clinical risks, especially if the result is abnormal or requires medical explanation. Asking a laboratory supervisor to interpret and report the results is also inappropriate unless that person is the authorized provider or designated reporting professional. Telling the patient to pick up results may violate release-of-information procedures and still bypass provider review. The safe workflow is to route the report to the ordering provider or authorized clinical team for interpretation, documentation, and patient notification. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; communication of results; confidentiality; HIPAA; scope of practice; postanalytical handling. NHA CPT competencies include legal responsibilities, patient confidentiality, documentation, and result communication workflows.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following should a phlebotomist do if a specimen must remain warm during transport?
Answer: B
Explanation:
If a specimen must remain warm during transport, the phlebotomist should use an approved warming device according to facility policy. Some tests, such as cold agglutinin-related specimens or specific specialized assays, may require warm handling to prevent analyte or cellular changes. Placing the specimen on ice or refrigerating it would violate warm-transport requirements and could compromise results. Leaving it near a sunny window is uncontrolled, unsafe, and may expose the specimen to light or excessive heat. Temperature requirements must be controlled and documented when required. The phlebotomist should not improvise with unapproved heat sources because overheating can also damage specimens. Proper specimen handling means knowing whether the specimen should be transported at room temperature, chilled, frozen, protected from light, or kept warm. Failure to follow special handling instructions creates preanalytical error and may require recollection. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; warm specimens; transport requirements; temperature control; specimen integrity.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following actions can cause hemolysis during venipuncture?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Using a needle with a gauge that is too small can cause hemolysis. A small-bore needle can create excessive mechanical force as blood passes through the lumen, damaging red blood cells and releasing intracellular contents into serum or plasma. Hemolysis can alter test results, especially potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and other analytes affected by red-cell rupture. Allowing alcohol to dry before puncture is correct practice because it reduces stinging and helps prevent contamination. Releasing the tourniquet before needle removal is also correct because it reduces pressure and supports safer needle withdrawal. Mixing additive tubes by gentle inversion is required; the danger occurs when tubes are shaken vigorously. Additional hemolysis causes include probing, drawing through a hematoma, forcing blood from a syringe into a tube, rough transport, incorrect centrifugation, and delayed processing. A phlebotomist must choose equipment appropriate to the patient's vein while maintaining specimen quality. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; hemolysis; needle gauge selection; specimen integrity; preanalytical error.
NEW QUESTION # 29
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