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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Capital Structure and Financing | 10% | - Dividend policy and payout decisions - Leverage and cost of capital |
| Topic 2: Financial Statement Analysis | 20% | - Income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement - Ratio analysis: liquidity, profitability, solvency, efficiency - Common-size and trend analysis |
| Topic 3: Time Value of Money | 18% | - Present value, future value, annuities, perpetuities - Discounted cash flow valuation - Effective vs nominal interest rates |
| Topic 4: Capital Budgeting | 10% | - Cash flow estimation and project evaluation - NPV, IRR, payback period, profitability index |
| Topic 5: Financial Markets and Corporate Objectives | 15% | - Role of financial institutions - Goal of the firm: shareholder wealth maximization - Types of financial markets and instruments |
| Topic 6: Valuation of Securities | 15% | - Bond valuation, yield to maturity, risk characteristics - Stock valuation: dividend growth model, CAPM - Cost of capital components |
| Topic 7: Risk and Return | 12% | - Systematic vs unsystematic risk - Portfolio risk and diversification - Beta and Capital Asset Pricing Model |
>> Financial-Management関連日本語内容 <<
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質問 # 73
How does the use of historical returns to estimate the cost of common equity differ from the Gordon growth model?
正解：B
解説：
The historical-return approach differs from the Gordon growth model because it is based primarily on past stock performance rather than on expected future dividends and growth. Under the historical-return method, analysts estimate the cost of common equity by examining the returns investors earned on the firm's stock over prior periods. The Gordon growth model, by contrast, is a forward-looking dividend-based approach that estimates the cost of equity as the expected dividend yield plus the constant growth rate of dividends. Choice D is correct because it captures the defining feature of the historical-return method. Choice B and choice C describe the Gordon growth model rather than the historical-return approach. Choice A is more closely associated with CAPM, which uses market risk and beta. Financial management often uses multiple methods to estimate the cost of equity because each approach has limitations. Historical returns can be useful as a reference point, but they may not reflect current risk or investor expectations. The Gordon growth model can be useful for stable dividend-paying firms, but it is less suitable for firms without predictable dividends.
Therefore, D correctly explains the main difference between these two valuation methods.
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質問 # 74
Why might investors choose to invest in junk bonds?
正解：D
解説：
Junk bonds, also known as high-yield bonds, are issued by firms with lower credit ratings and therefore higher default risk. To compensate investors for this additional risk, these bonds offer higher interest rates than investment-grade bonds. From a financial management and portfolio perspective, investors may include junk bonds to enhance portfolio returns, particularly when they believe default risk is overstated or when economic conditions are favorable. Junk bonds do not guarantee returns and are not backed by government guarantees, making options A and D incorrect. They also do not consistently outperform equities, especially during periods of financial stress. Option B accurately reflects the risk- return tradeoff that underpins investment decisions in capital market theory: higher expected returns are associated with higher risk.
質問 # 75
What is the dividend yield of a stock that pays annual dividends of $4 per share and has a current market price of $80?
正解：C
解説：
Dividend yield measures the cash return an investor receives relative to the stock's current market price. It is calculated as Annual Dividend ÷ Market Price per Share. In this case, the dividend yield is
$4 ÷ $80 = 0.05, or 5%. Dividend yield is a key valuation metric, particularly for income-oriented investors, as it indicates the immediate cash return from holding the stock, excluding capital gains.
Financial managers monitor dividend yield to understand how dividend policy affects investor appeal and market valuation. Option B correctly reflects this calculation and interpretation.
質問 # 76
How does company size relate to capital structure in terms of access to financing options?
正解：C
解説：
Company size has a significant effect on capital structure because larger firms generally have better access to external financing markets. Large companies often have more stable cash flows, broader operating histories, stronger credit profiles, and greater name recognition among investors and lenders. As a result, they are more likely to obtain financing from both debt markets and equity markets on favorable terms. They may be able to issue bonds publicly, negotiate better loan agreements, and attract equity investors more easily than smaller firms. In contrast, smaller firms often face more information asymmetry, less predictable earnings, and fewer financing alternatives, which can increase their cost of capital and limit access to long-term funding. Choice A is too narrow and not generally true. Choice C is incorrect because larger firms are usually less dependent on internal financing, not more. Choice D is also incorrect because smaller firms often face higher borrowing costs due to greater perceived risk. Financial management theory recognizes firm size as an important determinant of financing flexibility and capital structure. Therefore, B is correct because larger firms typically enjoy broader and cheaper access to both debt and equity capital.
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質問 # 77
A building owner is undertaking a weatherization project. The owner will make a one-time investment of
$410,000 for caulking, sunshades, and smart thermostats. Annual utility savings are projected to be:
* Year 1: $125,000
* Year 2: $125,000
* Year 3: $140,000
* Year 4: $140,000
* Year 5: $160,000
What is thepayback period, in years?(Round up)
正解：D
解説：
The payback period measures how long it takes for a project's cumulative cash inflows to recover the initial investment. It is a simple capital budgeting technique commonly used as a preliminary screening tool.
Although it does not account for the time value of money or cash flows beyond the cutoff period, it is useful for assessing liquidity and risk exposure.
Cumulative cash flows are calculated as follows:
* End of Year 1: $125,000
* End of Year 2: $250,000
* End of Year 3: $390,000
* End of Year 4: $530,000
The initial investment of $410,000 is recovered sometime during Year 4. Because the question instructs to round up, the payback period is reported as 4 years. Financial management textbooks emphasize that while payback should not be used alone to accept or reject projects, it provides insight into how quickly invested capital is recovered, which is especially relevant for projects with uncertainty or liquidity constraints.
質問 # 78
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