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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: SD-WAN | - Overlay VPN - SD-WAN architecture - Performance SLA - Application steering - SD-WAN routing - Deployment and troubleshooting |
| Topic 2: Enterprise Firewall | - Security Fabric integration - Authentication and identity - Routing and advanced networking - High availability - Advanced firewall deployment - Troubleshooting - Centralized management and analytics - VPN technologies |
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NEW QUESTION # 135
Refer to the exhibit.
The partial output of diagnose sys session stat command is shown.
Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is C .
The exhibit shows:
* 562 in ESTABLISHED state
* 27 in CLOSE state
* memory_tension_drop=0
* ephemeral=0/131072
According to the study guide, for TCP sessions: "The protocol state in the session table is a two-digit number. For TCP, the first number (from left to right) is related to the server-side state and is 0 when the session is not subject to any inspection (flow or proxy)... The second digit is the client-side state." The same page also shows that value 1 = ESTABLISHED So, if a TCP session is in ESTABLISHED state and there is no inspection , its proto_state is 01 :
* first digit 0 = no inspection
* second digit 1 = ESTABLISHED
That makes C correct. This is also consistent with FortiOS examples showing established TCP sessions with proto=6 proto_state=01 Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because the field that indicates sessions dropped due to low free memory is memory_tension_drop, and in the exhibit it is 0 , not 113. The study guide states: "If there is a lack of free memory, the kernel deletes the oldest sessions. The command shown on this slide displays the number of sessions the kernel deleted because of this mechanism." So 113 is the clash value, not memory-tension drops.
* B is wrong because ephemeral=0/131072 does not mean 131072 ephemeral sessions were recorded.
The study guide explains that FortiGate "sets a hard limit on the maximum number of ephemeral sessions that can exist at the same time in the session table." Therefore:
* 0 = current ephemeral sessions
* 131072 = maximum allowed ephemeral sessions for that model/context
* D is wrong because the study guide says the temporary retention for possible out-of-order packets happens in state value 5 (TIME_WAIT) : "When a session is closed by both the sender and receiver, FortiGate keeps that session in the session table for a few seconds, to allow for any out- of-order packets that might arrive after the FIN/ACK packet. This is the state value 5." But the exhibit shows 27 in CLOSE state , and the same table shows CLOSE = 6 , not TIME_WAIT So the verified answer is C .
NEW QUESTION # 136
Refer to the exhibit.
The sniffer log on two FortiGate devices are shown. Based on the information in the log, which two factors explain the output on FortiGate FGT-02? (Choose two answers)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The output on FGT-01 confirms that the device is actively encapsulating traffic and sending it as ESP packets (Protocol 50) out of port1 towards the IP address 97.86.16.52. The logs show outgoing packets, which confirms FGT-01 is attempting to initiate or maintain the tunnel and that NAT-Traversal is not being used (as it uses raw ESP).
The output on FGT-02 , however, displays (no packets captured). This is significant because the sniffer command diagnose sniffer packet any ' esp ' captures traffic at the network interface level (ingress), regardless of whether a matching VPN configuration exists on the receiving unit. The absence of packets proves that the ESP traffic generated by FGT-01 is physically not arriving at FGT-02 ' s interface.
This behavior is explained by two primary factors:
* Option A (Blocking): An intermediate device, such as an ISP router or firewall, is dropping Protocol
50 traffic. Unlike UDP 500/4500, raw ESP is often blocked by default on many networks or legacy devices.
* Option C (Routing/Misconfiguration): If the administrator configured the wrong remote peer IP on FGT-01 , the packets are being routed to a different destination entirely. Consequently, they never arrive at FGT-02 to be captured.
Option B is incorrect because even without a configured VPN tunnel, the sniffer would still display the incoming ESP packets if they were reaching the interface. Option D is incorrect because FGT-01 is sending ESP, making ' esp ' the correct filter.
NEW QUESTION # 137
Refer to the exhibit.
Based on the exhibit, what is the first message with which Spoke 1 replies to the hub, instructing it to bring up the dynamic tunnel when a client generates traffic destined for Spoke 2? (Choose one answer.)
Answer: C
Explanation:
The ADVPN shortcut negotiation begins after traffic from Spoke 1 to Spoke 2 initially travels through the hub. When the hub detects that both spokes can establish a more direct connection, the hub-not Spoke 1- sends the first control message: a shortcut offer to Spoke 1.
The SD-WAN 7.6 Enterprise Administrator Study Guide then states: "Spoke 1 acknowledges the shortcut offer by sending a shortcut query to the hub." Therefore, the first message that Spoke 1 sends in response is the shortcut query, making option A correct.
The hub subsequently forwards that query to Spoke 2. Spoke 2 responds with a shortcut reply, which the hub forwards back to Spoke 1. After Spoke 1 receives the reply containing the necessary peer information, Spoke
1 and Spoke 2 begin IKE negotiation and establish the dynamic spoke-to-spoke shortcut tunnel.
Consequently, the shortcut reply occurs later and originates from Spoke 2, while the offer originates from the hub. "Shortcut forward" describes the hub's forwarding action rather than Spoke 1's first response. This behavior is part of Fortinet's ADVPN shortcut architecture.
NEW QUESTION # 138
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a session. Which two statements are true? (Choose Iwo.)
Answer: C,D
NEW QUESTION # 139
Refer to the exhibits.
The system administrator settings configured on the root FortiGate and the Security Fabric settings configured on a downstream FortiGate are shown.
When prompted to sign in with Security Fabric to the downstream FortiGate, a user enters the single sign-on (SSO) provider credentials.
What happens next for the user?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator Study Guide explains: "The root FortiGate acts as the identity provider (IdP) and you configure the other devices as service providers (SP)." Therefore, the root FortiGate authenticates the credentials for the AdminSSO administrator, while the downstream FortiGate operates as the SAML service provider.
After successful authentication, the root FortiGate returns a SAML assertion to the downstream FortiGate.
The downstream device then grants access according to its configured SAML administrator profile. The exhibit shows that its Default admin profile is super_admin_readonly. Consequently, the user is logged in to the downstream FortiGate with read-only super-administrator privileges.
The browser can be redirected temporarily to the root FortiGate for identity-provider authentication, but that is not the final access outcome, so option A is incomplete. AdminSSO is the administrator account name, not an access profile, and the user is not left on the root FortiGate, eliminating option C. Because the credentials are successfully authenticated, option D is also incorrect.
References: Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator Study Guide, Security Fabric - Use Case 4: Security Fabric with SAML SSO , page 266; FortiOS 7.6 - Configuring a downstream FortiGate as an SP ; FortiOS 7.6
- SSO administrators .
NEW QUESTION # 140
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