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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| IPv6 | 8-12% | - Static and dynamic routing - Autoconfiguration - Address types and format - OSPFv3 and BGP for IPv6 |
| Tunnels | 5-8% | - GRE and IP-IP tunnels - Tunnel configuration and usage |
| High Availability | 5-8% | - Nonstop active routing - NSR and GRES concepts - Graceful restart |
| Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 10-15% | - PDUs and TLVs - Adjacencies and levels - Configuration and monitoring - Metrics and wide metrics |
| Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | 12-18% | - LDP and RSVP - Terminology and forwarding - Configuration and monitoring - Labels and LIB - Segment routing basics |
| Protocol-Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Load balancing - Martian addresses - Filter-based forwarding - Static, aggregate, and generated routes - Routing instances and RIB groups |
| Spanning Tree Protocols | 8-12% | - Configuration and convergence - Port roles and states - BPDU and protection features - STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP |
| Layer 2 Bridging and VLANs | 8-12% | - Bridging concepts - VLANs and trunking - Service provider switching features |
| Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | 15-20% | - Configuration and troubleshooting - LSA types and operation - Areas and router types - Link-state database |
| Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20-25% | - Policy and route filtering - Path selection and attributes - Configuration and troubleshooting - Basic operation and message types - IBGP and EBGP |
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NEW QUESTION # 143
Exhibit:
Referring to the exhibit, you have configured R1, R2, R3, and R4 to be a part of OSPF area 0 and you have connected them to a broadcast segment. Assuming all four routers come online within one minute of each other, which router becomes the DR and which router becomes the BDR?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In OSPF networks, when multiple routers are connected to a shared multi-access broadcast segment (like an Ethernet switch), they undergo an election process to select aDesignated Router (DR)and aBackup Designated Router (BDR). This mechanism is essential for reducing the number of adjacencies and limiting the volume of Link State Advertisement (LSA) flooding on the segment.
The OSPF election process follows a strict hierarchy based on the following criteria:
* Interface Priority:The router with the highest OSPF interface priority is elected as the DR. The router with the second-highest priority becomes the BDR. In Junos, the default priority is 128, but it can be manually configured between 0 and 255.
* Router ID:If there is a tie in priority, the router with the numerically highest Router ID (RID) wins the election.
Analyzing the configuration provided in the exhibit:
* R1:Priority 200, Router-ID 192.168.1.1
* R2:Priority 100, Router-ID 192.168.1.2
* R3:Priority 50, Router-ID 192.168.1.3
* R4:Priority 90, Router-ID 192.168.1.4
Comparing the priority values,R1 has the highest priority (200)and therefore becomes theDR. The next highest priority value among the remaining routers is100, which belongs to R2, making it theBDR. Although R4 has a higher Router ID than R2, the priority value is evaluated first and takes precedence.
Since all routers came online within a short window (one minute), they participate in the same election cycle, ensuring the configured priorities dictate the outcome rather than "first-come, first-served" preemption behavior common in OSPF once a DR is already established.
NEW QUESTION # 144
You are a network architect designing a brand new network. You want to deploy RSVP LSPs in this network. You are currently in the process of choosing whether to run OSPF or IS-IS as your interior gateway protocol.
In this scenario, which two statements are correct about IGP traffic engineering extensions in an RSVP network? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
When using IS-IS in an RSVP traffic engineering environment, traffic engineering extensions must be explicitly enabled so that IS-IS advertises TE information such as link bandwidth and administrative groups to build the traffic engineering database.
When using OSPF, traffic engineering extensions must also be explicitly configured. Enabling OSPF traffic engineering allows the protocol to advertise TE attributes required by RSVP-TE and CSPF for calculating constrained paths.
NEW QUESTION # 145
You have configured an MPLS LSP that begins on R1 and terminates on R5 using the Junos default settings.
Referring to the exhibit, which router will perform only label swap operations?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In an MPLS network, routers are categorized by their role along a Label Switched Path (LSP). In this scenario, the LSP originates onR1 (Ingress LER)and terminates onR5 (Egress LER). Between these two endpoints are the Provider (P) routers, also known as Transit Label Switching Routers (LSRs), which include R2, R3, and R4.
To identify which router performsonlylabel swap operations, we must look at the standard Junos data plane behavior:
* R1 (Ingress LER):Performs aPushoperation. It receives native IP traffic from Networks 1 or 2, looks up the destination, and imposes (pushes) an MPLS label onto the packet before sending it to R2.
* R2 and R3 (Transit LSRs):These routers perform aSwapoperation. They receive a labeled packet, look up the incoming label in their Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB), replace it with an outgoing label provided by the downstream neighbor, and forward it.
* R4 (Penultimate Hop):By default, Junos usesPenultimate Hop Popping (PHP). Because R4 is the second-to-last router before the egress (R5), the egress router R5 advertises an "implicit-null" label (Label 3) to R4. This instructs R4 to perform aPopoperation-removing the MPLS label entirely-and sending the native IP packet to R5.
* R5 (Egress LER):Receives the packet (which is already unlabeled due to PHP) and performs a standard IP route lookup to reach the final destination in Network 3 or 4.
Among the options provided,R3is the only router that is a transit LSR butnotthe penultimate hop. While R2 also performs a swap, it is not an option. R4 performs a Pop (due to PHP), R1 performs a Push, and R5 performs an IP lookup. Therefore, R3 is the correct answer as it solely performs the label swap operation.
NEW QUESTION # 146
You are configuring BGP on a Juniper router to peer with an external provider. After committing the configuration, the BGP session remains in the Idle state. Which configuration issue would prevent the BGP session from progressing beyond the Idle state?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the BGP finite state machine, theIdlestate is the "stop" or "start" point of the protocol. When a session is stuck in Idle, it means the BGP process is either administratively disabled or, more commonly, is unable to initiate the underlying TCP connection required for BGP.
According to Juniper Networks Service Provider documentation, the most common reason for a BGP session to remain in Idle is a lack ofrouting reachability. For BGP to move to theConnectstate, the Junos kernel must have a route to the IP address specified in the neighbor statement. If thepeer IP address is unreachable (Option A)-meaning there is no route in inet.0 (via OSPF, IS-IS, or static)-the router cannot initiate the TCP three-way handshake on port 179. Consequently, the state machine will never progress.
Analysis of incorrect options:
* Option B:BGP does not care if the local AS is higher or lower than the peer's; it only cares if they match the configuration. AS numbers are identifiers, not priorities.
* Option C:A mismatchedRouter IDdoes not prevent a session from leaving the Idle state. It would typically cause the session to reach theOpenConfirmstate, and then fail with a "Notification" message due to a collision or identification error.
* Option D:While a mismatchedgroup type(internal vs. external) will cause the session to fail, it usually fails during theOpenmessage exchange (OpenSent state) because the AS numbers provided will not match the expected peer type (IBGP vs. EBGP).
Only the lack of a path to the neighbor (reachability) keeps the session at the very beginning of the process:
theIdlestate.
NEW QUESTION # 147
You are asked to configure an RSVP LSP.
Under which hierarchy is this configuration performed?
Answer: D
Explanation:
RSVP-signaled LSPs are configured under the protocols mpls hierarchy in Junos OS. The label- switched-path configuration that defines the LSP parameters, destination, bandwidth, and path options is placed under this hierarchy, while the protocols rsvp hierarchy is used only to enable and control RSVP signaling on interfaces.
NEW QUESTION # 148
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