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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Malware Threats | 7% | - AI-Powered Malware - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms |
| Topic 2: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Server Vulnerabilities - Web Security Countermeasures - API Security Risks |
| Topic 3: Social Engineering | 6% | - Identity Theft - Countermeasures & Awareness - Social Engineering Concepts - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting |
| Topic 4: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Security Controls - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks |
| Topic 5: Cryptography | 5% | - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Cryptography in Practice - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms |
| Topic 6: Enumeration | 7% | - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - Enumeration Concepts |
| Topic 7: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle |
| Topic 8: Sniffing | 5% | - Packet Sniffing Concepts - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Countermeasures |
| Topic 9: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Information Security Concepts - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Ethical Hacking Methodology |
| Topic 10: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors - Mobile Device Security |
| Topic 11: Scanning Networks | 8% | - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Countermeasures - AI-Assisted Scanning - Host & Port Discovery - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall |
| Topic 12: Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Best Practices - Cloud Security Risks - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks |
| Topic 13: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Defense Mechanisms - DDoS Tools - Attack Techniques & Botnets - DoS & DDoS Concepts |
| Topic 14: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Countermeasures - Session Hijacking Concepts - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Hijacking Techniques |
| Topic 15: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Security Best Practices - Wireless Hacking Tools - Wireless Threats & Attacks |
| Topic 16: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Concepts - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Countermeasures |
| Topic 17: System Hacking | 8% | - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Maintaining Access - Privilege Escalation |
| Topic 18: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Evasion Techniques |
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NEW QUESTION # 465
What is a NULL scan?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A NULL scan is a type of TCP scan where no TCP flags are set in the packet. This unconventional packet is used to evade firewalls and intrusion detection systems and to determine the state of a port based on the response.
Behavior:
Open port # No response
Closed port # RST (Reset)
From CEH v13 Courseware:
Module 3: Scanning Networks
Topic: TCP Flag Scanning Methods
CEH v13 Study Guide states:
"A NULL scan sends a TCP packet with all flags turned off. The system's response (or lack thereof) allows the attacker to infer whether a port is open or closed, especially on UNIX-based systems." Incorrect Options:
B: Vague and inaccurate
C: Refers to Xmas scan (URG, PSH, FIN)
D/E: Irrelevant to TCP flags
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 3: Scanning Networks # TCP NULL ScansRFC 793 - TCP Protocol Behavior
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NEW QUESTION # 466
Sarah, a cybersecurity analyst at a US-based e-commerce company in New York, is tasked with evaluating the company's transition to a cloud-based infrastructure to support its growing online platform. The company aims to optimize resource allocation to handle fluctuating customer demand during peak shopping seasons, such as Black Friday. Sarah must recommend a key characteristic of cloud computing that ensures resources are efficiently shared across multiple users while maintaining scalability.
Which cloud computing characteristic should Sarah recommend ensuring efficient resource sharing and scalability for the e-commerce platform?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Certified Ethical Hacker cloud computing coverage, the essential characteristics of cloud services align with the widely adopted NIST cloud model. The requirement in this scenario is twofold: efficient sharing of resources across multiple users and the ability to scale to meet spikes in demand such as Black Friday traffic.
The cloud characteristic that directly addresses efficient sharing is resource pooling. Resource pooling means the cloud provider aggregates compute, storage, memory, and network resources into a shared pool that serves multiple customers using a multi-tenant model. Resources are dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand, which enables rapid scaling without requiring the organization to purchase and install new physical infrastructure for each surge.
This matches the scenario's emphasis on optimizing resource allocation and ensuring scalability. With resource pooling, the platform can draw from shared infrastructure capacity when demand rises and release it when demand drops, improving efficiency and cost effectiveness. In CEH terms, this also influences security considerations such as tenant isolation, hypervisor security, and access control, because multiple customers may rely on the same underlying physical hardware while remaining logically separated.
The other options are not the best match for "efficiently shared across multiple users." Measured service focuses on metering and pay-as-you-go billing. Broad network access describes availability over networks and standard client platforms. On-demand self-service refers to a consumer's ability to provision resources automatically without human interaction from the provider. Those are important cloud traits, but the one that specifically enables shared infrastructure and elastic allocation is resource pooling.
NEW QUESTION # 467
You are a cybersecurlty consultant for a smart city project. The project involves deploying a vast network of loT devices for public utilities like traffic control, water supply, and power grid management The city administration is concerned about the possibility of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack crippling these critical services. They have asked you for advice on how to prevent such an attack. What would be your primary recommendation?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Implementing regular firmware updates for all IoT devices is the primary recommendation to prevent DDoS attacks on the smart city project. Firmware updates can fix security vulnerabilities, patch bugs, and improve performance of the IoT devices, making them less susceptible to malware infections and botnet recruitment12. Firmware updates can also enable new security features, such as encryption, authentication, and firewall, that can protect the IoT devices from unauthorized access and data theft3. Firmware updates should be done automatically or remotely, without requiring user intervention, to ensure timely and consistent security across the IoT network4.
The other options are not as effective or feasible as firmware updates for the following reasons:
B). Deploying network intrusion detection systems (IDS) across the IoT network can help detect and alert DDoS attacks, but not prevent them. IDS can monitor network traffic and identify malicious patterns, such as high volume, spoofed IP addresses, or unusual protocols, that indicate a DDoS attack5. However, IDS cannot block or mitigate the attack, and may even be overwhelmed by the flood of traffic, resulting in false positives or missed alerts. Moreover, deploying IDS across a vast network of IoT devices can be costly, complex, and resource-intensive, as it requires dedicated hardware, software, and personnel.
C). Establishing strong, unique passwords for each IoT device can prevent unauthorized access and brute-force attacks, but not DDoS attacks. Passwords can protect the IoT devices from being compromised by hackers who try to guess or crack the default or weak credentials. However, passwords cannot prevent DDoS attacks that exploit known or unknown vulnerabilities in the IoT devices, such as buffer overflows, command injections, or protocol flaws. Moreover, establishing and managing strong, unique passwords for each IoT device can be challenging and impractical, as it requires user awareness, memory, and effort.
D). Implementing IP address whitelisting for all IoT devices can restrict network access and communication to trusted sources, but not DDoS attacks. IP address whitelisting can filter out unwanted or malicious traffic by allowing only the predefined IP addresses to connect to the IoT devices. However, IP address whitelisting cannot prevent DDoS attacks that use spoofed or legitimate IP addresses, such as reflection or amplification attacks, that bypass the whitelisting rules. Moreover, implementing IP address whitelisting for all IoT devices can be difficult and risky, as it requires constant updating, testing, and monitoring of the whitelist, and may block legitimate or emergency traffic by mistake.
References:
1: How to proactively protect IoT devices from DDoS attacks - Synopsys
2: IoT and DDoS: Cyberattacks on the Rise | A10 Networks
3: Detection and Prevention of DDoS Attacks on the IoT - MDPI
4: How to Secure IoT Devices: 5 Best Practices | IoT For All
5: Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Part 1 - Network Security | Coursera
6: DDoS Attacks: Detection and Mitigation - Cisco
7: The Challenges of IoT Security - Infosec Resources
8: IoT Security: How to Protect Connected Devices and the IoT Ecosystem | Kaspersky
9: IoT Security: Common Vulnerabilities and Attacks | IoT For All
10: The Password Problem: How to Use Passwords Effectively in 2021 | Dashlane Blog
11: What is IP Whitelisting? | Cloudflare
12: DDoS Attacks: Types, Techniques, and Protection | Cloudflare
13: IP Whitelisting: Pros and Cons | Imperva
NEW QUESTION # 468
After the completion of the pen test, you have provided the client with a list of controls to implement to reduce the identified risk. What term best describes the risk that remains after the controls have been implemented?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Residual risk is the amount of risk that remains after security controls and mitigation measures have been implemented. It represents the remaining exposure that cannot be completely eliminated.
NEW QUESTION # 469
ViruXine.W32 virus hides its presence by changing the underlying executable code. This virus code mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact - the code changes itself each time it runs, but the function of the code (its semantics) does not change at all.
Here is a section of the virus code (refer to image), where the loop performs XOR encryption and changes the way the code looks every time it is executed.
What is this technique called?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The virus described changes its own code with each execution but still performs the same actions. This is the hallmark of a Metamorphic Virus. Unlike polymorphic viruses (which use encrypted code with a changing decryptor), metamorphic viruses rewrite their own code entirely - including their decryption and execution routines - to avoid pattern detection by antivirus software.
Key characteristics of metamorphic viruses seen in the scenario:
Mutates completely on every execution.
Keeps overall functionality identical (semantics intact).
Alters its appearance and logic flow.
From CEH v13 Courseware:
Module 6: Malware Threats # Types of Viruses and Obfuscation Techniques CEH v13 Study Guide states:
"Metamorphic viruses modify their own code structure and appearance with each iteration, without altering their underlying behavior. This makes them more difficult to detect through signature-based mechanisms." Incorrect Options:
A: Polymorphic viruses encrypt themselves with a changing decryptor stub but do not change their core logic.
C: "Dravidic Virus" is not a recognized term in cybersecurity.
D: Stealth viruses hide their presence (e.g., by intercepting system calls), but do not change their code structure.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 6: Malware Types # Metamorphic and Polymorphic VirusesNIST SP 800-83r1 - Guide to Malware Incident Prevention and Handling Let me know if you'd like to continue with more malware-related questions or other CEH topics.
NEW QUESTION # 470
......
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