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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Research & Databases |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - Scanning Countermeasures - Network Scanning Basics - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Host & Port Discovery - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - AI-Assisted Scanning |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - AI-Powered Malware |
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Identity Theft - Social Engineering Concepts - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Countermeasures & Awareness |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Hacking Tools - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Security Best Practices |
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Countermeasures - Hijacking Techniques - Session Hijacking Concepts - Application & Network Level Hijacking |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - DoS & DDoS Concepts - Attack Techniques & Botnets - Defense Mechanisms - DDoS Tools |
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts - Legal and Ethical Compliance |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Best Practices - Cloud Security Risks |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Concepts - OSINT Techniques |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Countermeasures - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks - Packet Sniffing Concepts |
| System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Privilege Escalation |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Device Security - Mobile Attack Vectors |
| Enumeration | 7% | - Enumeration Countermeasures - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - Evasion Techniques - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies |
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - API Security Risks - Web Server Vulnerabilities - Web Security Countermeasures - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - SQL Injection & Command Injection |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptography in Practice - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Public Key Infrastructure |
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NEW QUESTION # 205
Morris, an attacker, wanted to check whether the target AP is in a locked state. He attempted using different utilities to identify WPS-enabled APs in the target wireless network. Ultimately, he succeeded with one special command-line utility.
Which of the following command-line utilities allowed Morris to discover the WPS-enabled APs?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In CEH v13 Module 11: Hacking Wireless Networks, WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) is discussed as a vulnerable configuration that can be exploited using tools like Reaver and wash.
wash is a command-line utility used to detect WPS-enabled Access Points.
It provides information about:
Whether WPS is enabled or locked.
Signal strength, BSSID, channel, etc.
Very useful before attempting WPS PIN attacks.
Option Clarifications:
B). ntptrace: Used for querying NTP servers, not wireless networks.
C). macof: Part of dsniff suite; floods network with MAC addresses (DoS tool).
D). net view: Windows command for listing network shares, not for wireless or WPS.
Correct answer is A. wash.
Reference:
Module 11 - Wireless Tools: Reaver and wash
CEH iLabs: Using wash to Scan for WPS-enabled Devices
NEW QUESTION # 206
During a red team exercise for a global insurance provider in Chicago, ethical hacker Maria tests the effectiveness of the company's endpoint defenses. She launches an attack by injecting malicious PowerShell commands into a trusted process without dropping any executables on disk. The code executes entirely in memory, generating abnormal spikes in resource usage. After a reboot, Maria notes that the system returns to normal and traditional antivirus logs show no evidence of infection. Which type of malware technique did Maria most likely use in this test?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Executing malicious code entirely in memory without creating files on disk, which disappears after a reboot and evades traditional antivirus detection, is characteristic of fileless malware.
NEW QUESTION # 207
At Pinnacle Financial Services in Chicago, Illinois, ethical hacker Sarah Thompson is conducting a penetration test to evaluate the security of the company's online banking portal. During her assessment, Sarah positions herself on the internal network and uses a sniffer to capture traffic between a user's browser and the banking server. She quietly collects session data, including user IDs and authentication tokens, without interfering with the ongoing communication. Later, she plans to use this information to impersonate a legitimate user in a controlled test environment to demonstrate potential risks to the bank's IT team. What type of session hijacking is Sarah performing during this phase of her penetration test?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The attacker is only observing and capturing session data without altering or disrupting the communication. This behavior defines passive session hijacking, where information is gathered silently for later use.
NEW QUESTION # 208
You are programming a buffer overflow exploit and you want to create a NOP sled of 200 bytes in the program exploit.c
What is the hexadecimal value of NOP instruction?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 209
At a power distribution facility in Phoenix, Arizona, ethical hacker Sameer Das is performing an OT security assessment. He demonstrates that a programmable controller accepts modifications delivered over the network without checking the origin or cryptographic validity of the package. By uploading altered instructions, he changes how the controller processes commands during operations. Which IoT/OT threat best represents this technique?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Firmware update attack because the scenario describes an attacker delivering an unauthenticated, non-cryptographically verified update/package to a controller and successfully altering its operational logic. In IoT/OT environments, controllers (PLCs, RTUs, PACs, and embedded industrial devices) often support updating firmware or logic over the network for maintenance. If the device does not verify the source, integrity, and authenticity of update packages-typically through signed firmware, certificates, and secure update channels-an attacker can replace legitimate code with a maliciously modified version.
Sameer's demonstration maps directly to a firmware/logic update compromise: he uploads "altered instructions" and changes how the controller processes commands during operations. This is exactly the type of risk highlighted in OT security: unauthorized modification of controller logic can cause unsafe states, disrupt production, damage equipment, or create stealthy manipulation that is difficult to detect. The explicit mention of "without checking the origin or cryptographic validity" indicates missing controls like digital signatures, hash verification, and trusted update mechanisms, which are central to firmware update security.
Why the other options are less accurate: Forged malicious device usually refers to introducing a rogue or cloned device into the environment to impersonate legitimate equipment. Remote access using backdoor implies an existing hidden access mechanism rather than abuse of the update mechanism itself. Exploit kits are typically collections of exploits used to compromise systems, commonly discussed more in endpoint/web contexts; they don't specifically describe the act of pushing an altered firmware/logic package that the controller accepts due to missing validation.
Therefore, the technique is best categorized as a firmware update attack, leveraging weak or absent authenticity/integrity checks on update packages to modify OT controller behavior.
NEW QUESTION # 210
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