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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Implement security and compliance | - Secure CI/CD pipelines
|
| Topic 2: Optimize performance and continuous delivery | - Monitoring and observability
|
| Topic 3: Develop and implement CI/CD pipelines | - Build and manage CI/CD pipelines using Google Cloud tools
|
| Topic 4: Implement site reliability engineering (SRE) practices | - Define and manage SLI, SLO, and SLA
|
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質問 # 158
You have a CI/CD pipeline that uses Cloud Build to build new Docker images and push them to Docker Hub. You use Git for code versioning. After making a change in the Cloud Build YAML configuration, you notice that no new artifacts are being built by the pipeline. You need to resolve the issue following Site Reliability Engineering practices. What should you do?
正解：A
質問 # 159
You are running a web application that connects to an AlloyDB cluster by using a private IP address in your default VPC. You need to run a database schema migration in your CI/CD pipeline by using Cloud Build before deploying a new version of your application. You want to follow Google-recommended security practices. What should you do?
正解：D
解説：
To securely connect Cloud Build to an AlloyDB cluster using a private IP address and adhere to Google- recommended security practices, you need to address two main aspects:
Network Connectivity:Ensuring Cloud Build can reach the private IP of the AlloyDB cluster.
Authentication/Credential Management:Securely authenticating Cloud Build to the AlloyDB cluster.
Let's break down why Option B is the most suitable:
Cloud Build Private Pool:AlloyDB is accessed via a private IP in your VPC. Cloud Build's default build environment runs on Google-managed infrastructure outside your VPC and cannot directly access private IP addresses. To enable this, you must use aCloud Build private pool. A private pool can be configured with VPC peering to your default VPC, allowing build steps running within that pool to access resources like your AlloyDB cluster via their private IPs. Option B correctly includes "execute the schema migration script in a private pool." Service Account with Permissions (IAM Database Authentication):AlloyDB supports IAM database authentication. This is a Google-recommended security practice because it allows you to manage database access using Google Cloud's Identity and Access Management (IAM) rather than relying on traditional database passwords.
You would create a dedicated service account for Cloud Build (or use the private pool's service account).
This service account would be granted the necessary IAM roles to connect to the AlloyDB instance (e.g., roles
/alloydb.client) and a database-level IAM role for login (e.g., roles/alloydb.user or roles/alloydb.admin depending on the permissions needed for schema migration).
Cloud Build would then be configured to use this service account. The "permission to access the database" in Option B refers to these IAM permissions. This method avoids managing and distributing database passwords.
Analyzing the options:
A: Set up a Cloud Build private pool to access the database through a static external IP address...
While using a private pool is correct for network access, routing this through a staticexternalIP for a resource that has aprivateIP is generally not the first-choice secure pattern if direct private access is feasible. It adds complexity and a potential external exposure point, even if firewalled. The aim is to keep traffic within the private network as much as possible.
B: Create a service account that has permission to access the database. Configure Cloud Build to use this service account and execute the schema migration script in a private pool.
This option correctly combines the use of aprivate pool(for private IP network access) with aservice account having permissions(strongly implying IAM database authentication for AlloyDB, which is a best practice).
This is a secure and robust approach.
C: Add the database username and encrypted password to the application configuration file...
Storing credentials, even if "encrypted" (the method and key management for encryption are unspecified and problematic), in application configuration files checked into source control or packaged with the application is a significant security risk and not a recommended practice.
D: Add the database username and password to Secret Manager. When running the schema migration script, retrieve the username and password from Secret Manager.
UsingSecret Managerto store database usernames and passwords is a Google-recommended practiceifyou are using password-based authentication. However, this optionalonedoes not solve the network connectivity issue for Cloud Build to reach the private IP of AlloyDB. You would still need a private pool. While D is good for secret management, B offers a more comprehensive solution that includes both the network aspect and implies a more modern authentication method (IAM database auth). If the question forced a choice between only doing secure credential storage (D) or doing IAM auth + private networking (B), B is more complete for the overall task.
Conclusion:Option B is the most aligned with Google-recommended security practices as it addresses both the necessary private network connectivity via a Cloud Build private pool and promotes the use of IAM-based database authentication for AlloyDB, which is generally preferred over managing passwords.
References (General Concepts):
Cloud Build Private Pools for VPC Access:Google Cloud documentation for Cloud Build explicitly details using private pools to connect to resources in a VPC network.
See:https://www.google.com/search?q=https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/private-pools/accessing-private- resources-with-private-pools AlloyDB IAM Database Authentication:Google Cloud documentation for AlloyDB highlights IAM database authentication as a secure method.
See:https://www.google.com/search?q=https://cloud.google.com/alloydb/docs/iam-authentication Secret Manager:If password authentication were the only option, Secret Manager would be the recommended way to store those credentials.
See:https://cloud.google.com/secret-manager
Option B synergizes the benefits of private networking and modern IAM-based authentication for a comprehensive secure solution.
質問 # 160
You are managing an application that runs in Compute Engine The application uses a custom HTTP server to expose an API that is accessed by other applications through an internal TCP/UDP load balancer A firewall rule allows access to the API port from 0.0.0-0/0. You need to configure Cloud Logging to log each IP address that accesses the API by using the fewest number of steps What should you do Bret?
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The best option for configuring Cloud Logging to log each IP address that accesses the API by using the fewest number of steps is to enable logging on the firewall rule. A firewall rule is a rule that controls the traffic to and from your Compute Engine instances. You can enable logging on a firewall rule to capture information about the traffic that matches the rule, such as source and destination IP addresses, protocols, ports, and actions. You can use Cloud Logging to view and export the firewall logs to other destinations, such as BigQuery, for further analysis.
質問 # 161
You are responsible for creating development environments for your company's development team. You want to create environments with identical IDEs for all developers while ensuring that these environments are not exposed to public networks. You need to choose the most cost-effective solution without impacting developer productivity. What should you do?
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed 150 to 200 words of Explanation From Google Cloud DevOps guides documents:
According to Google Cloud's documentation on Cloud Workstations, this service is specifically designed to provide managed, secure, and highly customizable development environments. By selecting a private cluster, you ensure that the workstations are not assigned public IP addresses, keeping them entirely off the public internet and satisfying the security requirement. This managed approach is superior to manual Compute Engine setups because it uses container-based configurations to provide identical IDEs and toolsets to every developer, which eliminates environment drift and boosts productivity.
Regarding cost-effectiveness, the runningTimeout parameter is a vital mechanism. While idleTimeout is excellent for short-term inactivity, runningTimeout provides a definitive "hard stop" to ensure that workstations do not run indefinitely if a developer forgets to shut down their session at the end of a shift, thereby preventing runaway costs. This aligns with Google's SRE and DevOps best practices for cost optimization and resource management. Choosing Cloud Workstations over manual VM management (Options C and D) reduces the operational overhead of patching and maintaining individual machine images, allowing the team to focus on delivery rather than infrastructure maintenance.
質問 # 162
Your company stores a large volume of infrequently used data in Cloud Storage. The projects in your company's CustomerService folder access Cloud Storage frequently, but store very little data. You want to enable Data Access audit logging across the company to identify data usage patterns. You need to exclude the CustomerService folder projects from Data Access audit logging. What should you do?
正解：C
解説：
To exclude a subset of users or projects from Data Access audit logging, you use the exempted principals configuration. This allows you to selectively disable logs for specific groups, such as developers in the CustomerService folder.
"You can configure exempted principals so that audit logs are not generated for certain users, service accounts, or groups."
- Configuring Audit Logs
"Data Access logs are disabled by default because of their high volume, and you can enable them at the organization, folder, or project level."
- Audit Logs Overview
Thus, enabling audit logging org-wide and exempting a specific set of users (i.e., CustomerService folder) meets the need.
質問 # 163
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