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| Certification Vendor: | CertiProf |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | Ethical Hacking Professional Certification |
| Exam Number: | CEHPC |
| Certificate Validity Period: | Not specified |
| Exam Price: | USD $150 |
| Exam Duration: | 60 minutes |
| Available Languages: | English, Spanish |
| Passing Score: | 80% (32/40) |
| Related Certifications: | Cyber Security Foundation Professional Certification PenTester Professional Certification |
| Exam Format: | Multiple Choice, Closed Book |
| Real Exam Qty: | 40 |
| Sample Questions: | CertiProf CEHPC Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online proctored exam |
| Pre Condition: | Basic computer knowledge and reading comprehension in English are recommended. |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://certiprof.com/products/ethical-hacking-professional-certification-cehpc |
私たちの世界は絶え間ない変化と進化の状態にあります。時間のペースを保ち、絶えず変化し、自分自身に挑戦したい場合は、1種類のCEHPC証明書テストに参加して、実用的な能力を向上させ、知識の量を増やしてください。 CEHPC学習実践ガイドを購入すると、テストにスムーズに合格できます。 CEHPC試験資料は、上級専門家による厳密な分析と検証を経ており、いつでも新しいリソースを補足する準備ができています。
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質問 # 20
What is a backdoor in terms of computer security?
正解：C
解説：
In computer security, a backdoor refers to ahidden method of accessing a system that bypasses normal authentication and security mechanisms, making option A the correct answer. Backdoors can be intentionally created by developers for maintenance purposes or maliciously installed by attackers after compromising a system.
From an ethical hacking perspective, backdoors are commonly discovered duringpost-exploitation activities.
Attackers use them to maintain persistent access, even if passwords are changed or vulnerabilities are patched.
Backdoors may take the form of hidden user accounts, modified services, malicious scripts, or hardcoded credentials.
Option B is incorrect because malware that spreads through instant messaging is typically classified as a worm or trojan, not specifically a backdoor. Option C is incorrect because a backdoor is not a legitimate or documented access point.
Understanding backdoors is essential for managing information security threats. Ethical hackers identify backdoors to demonstrate long-term risks and highlight weaknesses in system monitoring and access controls.
Defenders can mitigate backdoor threats by implementing integrity monitoring, endpoint detection and response (EDR), regular audits, and strict access management.
Backdoors pose significant risks because they undermine trust in system security. Identifying and removing them is critical for restoring system integrity and preventing repeated compromise.
質問 # 21
What is ZAP?
正解：A
解説：
The OWASP Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) is one of the world's most popular free, open-source security tools for finding vulnerabilities in web applications. It is actively maintained by a global community of volunteers under the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). ZAP acts as a "man-in-the-middle proxy," meaning it sits between the tester's web browser and the web application being tested. This allows the tester to intercept, inspect, and even modify the requests and responses traveling between the two.
ZAP provides a wide array of functionalities essential for theWeb Application Pentestingprocess:
* Automated Scanner: It can automatically crawl a website to find vulnerabilities like SQL injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and insecure headers.
* Spidering: It maps out the structure of a website by following every link it finds.
* Fuzzing: It can send many variations of malicious input to a specific field to see if it can break the application or trigger an error.
* Active and Passive Scanning: It can passively watch traffic to find easy-to-spot issues or actively probe the server for deeper flaws.
For ethical hackers, ZAP is often compared to the commercial tool Burp Suite. While both perform similar tasks, ZAP's open-source nature and robust API make it a favorite for integrating into "DevSecOps" pipelines, where it can automatically test new code for vulnerabilities before it is deployed. Mastering ZAP is a core skill for any professional focused on securing the web-facing assets of an organization.
質問 # 22
If a web page has HTTPS, does it mean that it is legitimate?
正解：A
解説：
In modern web security, the presence of HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is often misinterpreted as a universal seal of "legitimacy" or "safety". However, from an ethical hacking perspective, HTTPS only provides a technical guarantee ofconfidentialityandintegrityfor data in transit. It uses SSL/TLS protocols to encrypt the communication channel between a user's browser and the web server, preventing unauthorized third parties from eavesdropping on sensitive information like login credentials or credit card numbers.
Encryption, while vital, does not validate the underlying intent or trustworthiness of the website owner.
Malicious actors frequently obtain valid SSL certificates-which can be issued for free by various providers- to host phishing sites that appear professional and "secure". When a user sees the "padlock" icon in their browser, it merely confirms that the connection is encrypted; it does not mean the site is free from malware, that it isn't a fraudulent clone of a bank, or that the organization behind it is legally verified.
A site can have a perfectly configured HTTPS connection but still contain critical vulnerabilities such as Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), SQL injection, or unpatched server software. Furthermore, misconfigurations in HTTPS implementation-such as the use of outdated protocols like SSLv3 or weak encryption ciphers-can leave the "secure" connection itself vulnerable to attacks like man-in-the-middle (MITM) interceptions.
Ethical hackers must educate users and organizations that "secure" only refers to thepipethrough which data travels, not thedestinationitself. True legitimacy is determined by certificate transparency, business reputation, and a lack of application-layer vulnerabilities, which a simple padlock cannot guarantee.
質問 # 23
What is XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)?
正解：B
解説：
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is aweb application security vulnerabilitythat allows attackers to inject malicious client-side scripts into trusted web pages. This makes option A the correct answer. XSS occurs when applications fail to properly validate, sanitize, or encode user input before displaying it to other users.
When an XSS vulnerability is exploited, the injected script runs in the victim's browser within the security context of the vulnerable website. This can lead to session hijacking, cookie theft, credential harvesting, keylogging, or redirection to malicious websites. XSS is commonly categorized intostored XSS, reflected XSS, and DOM-based XSS, all of which ethical hackers test during web application assessments.
Option B is incorrect because cloned websites are typically associated with phishing attacks, not XSS vulnerabilities. Option C is incorrect because XSS is primarily a web-based vulnerability, not a mobile- specific issue involving balance or contact theft.
From a defensive perspective, understanding XSS is critical for implementing secure coding practices such as input validation, output encoding, Content Security Policy (CSP), and proper use of modern frameworks.
Ethical hackers test for XSS to help organizations prevent client-side attacks and protect user data.
質問 # 24
What is a WAF?
正解：B
解説：
A Web Application Firewall (WAF) is a specialized information security control designed to protect web applications by filtering, monitoring, and blocking HTTP/HTTPS traffic to and from a web service. Unlike a traditional network firewall that filters traffic based on IP addresses and ports, a WAF operates at the Application Layer (Layer 7 of the OSI model). It inspects the actual content of the web traffic to identify and neutralize sophisticated application-level attacks such as SQL Injection (SQLi), Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and File Inclusion.
A WAF acts as a "reverse proxy," sitting in front of the web application server and acting as an intermediary.
It uses a set of rules (often based on the OWASP Top 10) to determine which traffic is legitimate and which is malicious. For example, if a user submits a search query containing suspicious SQL commands, the WAF will recognize the pattern and drop the request before it ever reaches the database, thereby protecting the server from compromise.
In the context of ethical hacking, a WAF is a formidable defense that testers must learn to navigate. During a penetration test, a WAF may block automated scanning tools, forcing the tester to use manual, stealthy techniques to identify vulnerabilities. For organizations, implementing a WAF is a critical "defense-in-depth" strategy. Even if a web application has an underlying code vulnerability, the WAF can provide a "virtual patch" by blocking the exploit attempt at the network edge. This allows developers time to fix the code without leaving the application exposed. Mastering WAF configuration and bypass techniques is essential for security professionals who aim to protect modern, web-centric business environments.
質問 # 25
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