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ECCouncil 312-50v13 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Vulnerability Analysis7%- Vulnerability Assessment Concepts
  • 1. Vulnerability Scoring Systems
  • 2. Vulnerability Assessment Solutions
  • 3. Vulnerability Assessment Tools and Software
Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks7%- Mobile Platform Attack Vectors
  • 1. Mobile Device Management (MDM)
  • 2. Mobile Attack Surfaces and Vulnerabilities
  • 3. Mobile Platform Overview
  • 4. Mobile Malware and Mobile Spyware
  • 5. Mobile Attack Techniques
  • 6. Mobile Security Tools and Countermeasures
- IoT and OT Attacks
  • 1. IoT Hacking Methodology
  • 2. IoT Concepts and Architecture
  • 3. IoT Attack Tools and Countermeasures
  • 4. OT Concepts and Attacks
  • 5. IoT Vulnerabilities and Threats
System Hacking17%- System Hacking Methodologies
  • 1. Escalating Privileges
  • 2. Covering Tracks
  • 3. Cracking Passwords
  • 4. Executing Applications
  • 5. Gaining Access
  • 6. Hiding Files
- System Hacking Tools and Countermeasures
  • 1. Rootkits
  • 2. Ports and Log Files
  • 3. Covering Tracks Countermeasures
  • 4. Steganography
  • 5. Keyloggers and Spyware
  • 6. Password Recovery Tools
Web Application Attacks19%- Hacking Web Servers and Web Applications
  • 1. Web Server and Web Application Countermeasures
  • 2. Web Server Attacks
  • 3. Web Server Attack Methodology
- Web Application Concepts and Attacks
  • 1. Web Application Password Cracking and Clickjacking
  • 2. Web Application Scanning and Testing Tools
  • 3. Web Application Architecture
  • 4. Authentication and Session Management Attacks
  • 5. OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities
  • 6. Web Application Countermeasures
  • 7. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Request Forgery
  • 8. Injection Attacks
Enumeration15%- Enumeration Process
  • 1. NetBIOS Enumeration
  • 2. Enumeration Countermeasures
  • 3. RPC and NFS Enumeration
  • 4. Mail Server Enumeration
  • 5. SNMP Enumeration
  • 6. VoIP Enumeration
  • 7. LDAP Enumeration
  • 8. SMB and SAMBA Enumeration
  • 9. NTP Enumeration
- Enumeration Concepts
  • 1. Enumeration Fundamentals
  • 2. Enumeration Techniques
Cloud and Container Attacks10%- Cloud Attacks and Security
  • 1. Cloud Security Tools and Best Practices
  • 2. Cloud Security Threats and Attacks
  • 3. Cloud Penetration Testing
  • 4. Container Security Tools and Countermeasures
- Cloud Computing Concepts
  • 1. Serverless Architecture
  • 2. Container Technology
  • 3. Cloud Architecture and Deployment Models
  • 4. Cloud Service Models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS)
Cryptography and Post-Exploitation13%- Post-Exploitation Techniques
  • 1. Post-Exploitation Concepts
  • 2. Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
  • 3. Reporting and Documentation
  • 4. Covering Tracks and Maintaining Access
  • 5. Lateral Movement and Tunneling
- Cryptography Concepts
  • 1. Encryption Algorithms (Symmetric and Asymmetric)
  • 2. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
  • 3. Cryptography Tools
  • 4. Disk Encryption and Cryptanalysis
  • 5. Code Signing and Email Encryption
  • 6. Hashing and Digital Signatures
  • 7. Cryptography Countermeasures
  • 8. Encryption Fundamentals
Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview6%- Information Security Overview
  • 1. Understanding Information Security Controls
  • 2. Understanding Information Security Laws and Standards
  • 3. Information Security Threats and Attack Vectors
  • 4. Understanding Information Security
  • 5. Proactive Cyber Defense
- Ethical Hacking Overview
  • 1. What is Ethical Hacking?
  • 2. Need for Ethical Hackers
  • 3. Security Testing Methodologies
  • 4. Skills and Mindset of an Ethical Hacker
  • 5. Governance and Compliance
Wireless Network Attacks9%- Wireless Hacking Methodology
  • 1. Cracking WPA/WPA2 and WEP Encryption
  • 2. Wireless Network Hacking Tools
  • 3. Wireless Network Countermeasures
  • 4. Wireless Sniffing and Wardriving
  • 5. Bluetooth and RFID Attacks
- Wireless Network Concepts
  • 1. Wireless Terminology and Standards
  • 2. Wireless Encryption and Security
  • 3. Wireless Network Topology and Threats
Reconnaissance Techniques21%- Scanning Networks
  • 1. Banner Grabbing
  • 2. Hping2 and Hping3
  • 3. Network Scanning Concepts
  • 4. Proxy Servers and Anonymizers
  • 5. Scanning Countermeasures
  • 6. Scan for Vulnerabilities
  • 7. NIDS, NIPS, and Firewall Evasion Techniques
  • 8. Port Scanning Techniques
  • 9. Drawing Network Diagrams
  • 10. Nmap and Zenmap
  • 11. Detecting Live Systems
  • 12. Scanning Tools
  • 13. Masscan
- Footprinting and Reconnaissance
  • 1. Website Footprinting
  • 2. AWS Cloud Footprinting
  • 3. Competitive Intelligence Gathering
  • 4. Network Footprinting
  • 5. Footprinting through Social Networking Sites
  • 6. Footprinting Countermeasures
  • 7. Footprinting through Web Services
  • 8. Footprinting Tools
  • 9. Email Footprinting
  • 10. Footprinting through Search Engines
  • 11. DNS Footprinting
Malware Threats8%- Malware Analysis and Distribution
  • 1. Malware Detection Methods
  • 2. Malware Analysis Techniques
  • 3. Malware Countermeasures
- Malware and Its Types
  • 1. Types of Malware
  • 2. Malware Fundamentals
  • 3. APT Concepts
  • 4. APT and Futuristic Malware
Sniffing and Evasion10%- Network Sniffing
  • 1. VLAN Hopping and DHCP Starvation
  • 2. Sniffing Detection and Countermeasures
  • 3. Sniffing Concepts
  • 4. ARP Spoofing
  • 5. Sniffing Tools
  • 6. STP Attacks and DNS Poisoning
  • 7. MAC Flooding and Switch Port Stealing
- Social Engineering
  • 1. Social Engineering Techniques
  • 2. Insider Threats and Identity Theft
  • 3. Social Engineering Tools and Countermeasures
  • 4. Social Engineering Concepts
- Network Evasion
  • 1. Evasion Techniques
  • 2. Firewalls and Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems
  • 3. IDS/Firewall Evasion Tools
  • 4. Denial of Service Attacks

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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEH v13 AI) Sample Questions (Q677-Q682):

NEW QUESTION # 677
Windows LAN Manager (LM) hashes are known to be weak.
Which of the following are known weaknesses of LM? (Choose three.)

Answer: A,B,C

Explanation:
Weaknesses of LM hashes include:
A). Passwords are converted to uppercase before hashing.
B). In older Windows systems, LM hashes were transmitted over the network, sometimes in plaintext (or easily intercepted).
D). Passwords are split into two 7-character chunks, which are hashed independently, reducing entropy.
From CEH v13 Courseware:
Module 6: Malware and Password Threats
Module 4: Windows Enumeration
Incorrect Option:
C: LM uses DES encryption with 56-bit keys (not 32-bit).
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 6: Weaknesses in LM HashingMicrosoft Security Documentation
- LM Hashing Vulnerabilities
======


NEW QUESTION # 678
Bill is a network administrator. He wants to eliminate unencrypted traffic inside his company's network. He decides to setup a SPAN port and capture all traffic to the datacenter. He immediately discovers unencrypted traffic in port UDP 161. what protocol is this port using and how can he secure that traffic?

Answer: D

Explanation:
We have various articles already in our documentation for setting up SNMPv2 trap handling in Opsview, but SNMPv3 traps are a whole new ballgame. They can be quite confusing and complicated to set up the first time you go through the process, but when you understand what is going on, everything should make more sense.
SNMP has gone through several revisions to improve performance and security (version 1, 2c and 3). By default, it is a UDP port based protocol where communication is based on a 'fire and forget' methodology in which network packets are sent to another device, but there is no check for receipt of that packet (versus TCP port when a network packet must be acknowledged by the other end of the communication link).
There are two modes of operation with SNMP - get requests (or polling) where one device requests information from an SNMP enabled device on a regular basis (normally using UDP port 161), and traps where the SNMP enabled device sends a message to another device when an event occurs (normally using UDP port
162). The latter includes instances such as someone logging on, the device powering up or down, or a wide variety of other problems that would need this type of investigation.
This blog covers SNMPv3 traps, as polling and version 2c traps are covered elsewhere in our documentation.
SNMP trapsSince SNMP is primarily a UDP port based system, traps may be 'lost' when sending between devices; the sending device does not wait to see if the receiver got the trap. This means if the configuration on the sending device is wrong (using the wrong receiver IP address or port) or the receiver isn't listening for traps or rejecting them out of hand due to misconfiguration, the sender will never know.
The SNMP v2c specification introduced the idea of splitting traps into two types; the original 'hope it gets there' trap and the newer 'INFORM' traps. Upon receipt of an INFORM, the receiver must send an acknowledgement back. If the sender doesn't get the acknowledgement back, then it knows there is an existing problem and can log it for sysadmins to find when they interrogate the device.


NEW QUESTION # 679
You are the chief cybersecurity officer at CloudSecure Inc., and your team is responsible for securing a cloudbased application that handles sensitive customer data. To ensure that the data is protected from breaches, you have decided to implement encryption for both data-at-rest and data-in-transit. The development team suggests using SSL/TLS for securing data in transit. However, you want to also implement a mechanism to detect if the data was tampered with during transmission. Which of the following should you propose?

Answer: B

Explanation:
SSL/TLS is a protocol that provides encryption and authentication for data in transit between a client and a server. However, SSL/TLS does not provide any protection against data tampering, which is the alteration, deletion, or insertion of data without authorization or proper validation. Data tampering can compromise the integrity and accuracy of the data, and potentially lead to breaches or fraud. To detect and prevent data tampering, you should implement IPsec in addition to SSL/TLS. IPsec is a protocol that provides encryption, authentication, and integrity for data in transit at the network layer. IPsec uses cryptographic mechanisms, such as digital signatures and hash-based message authentication codes (HMACs), to verify the identity of the sender and the receiver, and to ensure that the data has not been modified during transmission. IPsec can also provide replay protection, which prevents an attacker from retransmitting old or duplicate packets. By combining SSL/TLS and IPsec, you can achieve a higher level of security and reliability for your cloud-based application. References:
EC-Council CEHv13 Courseware Module 18: Cryptography, page 18-20
EC-Council CEHv13 Courseware Module 19: Cloud Computing, page 19-29
A comprehensive guide to data tampering
Tamper Detection


NEW QUESTION # 680
During a covert red team engagement, a penetration tester is tasked with identifying live hosts in a target organization's internal subnet (10.0.0.0/24) without triggering intrusion detection systems (IDS). To remain undetected, the tester opts to use the command nmap -sn -PE 10.0.0.0/24, which results in several "Host is up" responses, even though the organization's IDS is tuned to detect high-volume scans. After the engagement, the client reviews the logs and is surprised that the scan was not flagged. What allowed the scan to complete without triggering alerts?

Answer: A

Explanation:
CEH v13 explains that IDS systems are often tuned to detect active scanning behavior, especially port scans and TCP/UDP probing that generate recognizable signatures. The command nmap -sn -PE performs a pure ICMP Echo Request ping sweep without sending any TCP SYN, UDP probes, or other packets normally associated with port enumeration. Since this mode disables port scanning entirely, it produces minimal traffic that resembles legitimate network behavior. CEH emphasizes that many networks allow ICMP Echo traffic internally for diagnostics, so such pings may not be treated as suspicious unless rate thresholds are exceeded.
Because the tester avoided SYN packets, ACK probes, and UDP scans, the IDS saw no malicious pattern or connection attempts. The effectiveness of this technique is highlighted in CEH under passive and stealth reconnaissance, where minimal interaction is used to avoid detection. Thus, the scan succeeded because it relied solely on ICMP host discovery, not port scanning.


NEW QUESTION # 681
What is the common name for a vulnerability disclosure program opened by companies In platforms such as HackerOne?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Bug bounty programs allow independent security researchers to report bugs to an companies and receive rewards or compensation. These bugs area unit sometimes security exploits and vulnerabilities, although they will additionally embody method problems, hardware flaws, and so on.
The reports area unit usually created through a program travel by associate degree freelance third party (like Bugcrowd or HackerOne). The companies can got wind of (and run) a program curated to the organization's wants.
Programs is also non-public (invite-only) wherever reports area unit unbroken confidential to the organization or public (where anyone will sign in and join). they will happen over a collection timeframe or with without stopping date (though the second possibility is a lot of common).
Who uses bug bounty programs?Many major organizations use bug bounties as an area of their security program, together with AOL, Android, Apple, Digital Ocean, and goldman Sachs. you'll read an inventory of all the programs offered by major bug bounty suppliers, Bugcrowd and HackerOne, at these links.
Why do corporations use bug bounty programs?Bug bounty programs provide corporations the flexibility to harness an outsized cluster of hackers so as to seek out bugs in their code.
This gives them access to a bigger variety of hackers or testers than they'd be able to access on a one-on-one basis. It {can also|also will|can even|may also|may} increase the probabilities that bugs area unit found and reported to them before malicious hackers can exploit them.
It may also be an honest publicity alternative for a firm. As bug bounties became a lot of common, having a bug bounty program will signal to the general public and even regulators that a corporation incorporates a mature security program.
This trend is likely to continue, as some have began to see bug bounty programs as an business normal that all companies ought to invest in.
Why do researchers and hackers participate in bug bounty programs?Finding and news bugs via a bug bounty program may end up in each money bonuses and recognition. In some cases, it will be a good thanks to show real-world expertise once you are looking for employment, or will even facilitate introduce you to parents on the protection team within an companies.
This can be full time income for a few of us, income to supplement employment, or the way to point out off your skills and find a full time job.
It may also be fun! it is a nice (legal) probability to check out your skills against huge companies and government agencies.
What area unit the disadvantages of a bug bounty program for independent researchers and hackers?A lot of hackers participate in these varieties of programs, and it will be tough to form a major quantity of cash on the platform.
In order to say the reward, the hacker has to be the primary person to submit the bug to the program. meaning that in apply, you may pay weeks searching for a bug to use, solely to be the person to report it and build no cash.
Roughly ninety seven of participants on major bug bounty platforms haven't sold-out a bug.
In fact, a 2019 report from HackerOne confirmed that out of quite three hundred,000 registered users, solely around two.5% received a bounty in their time on the platform.
Essentially, most hackers are not creating a lot of cash on these platforms, and really few square measure creating enough to switch a full time wage (plus they do not have advantages like vacation days, insurance, and retirement planning).
What square measure the disadvantages of bug bounty programs for organizations?These programs square measure solely helpful if the program ends up in the companies realizeing issues that they weren't able to find themselves (and if they'll fix those problems)!
If the companies is not mature enough to be able to quickly rectify known problems, a bug bounty program is not the right alternative for his or her companies.
Also, any bug bounty program is probably going to draw in an outsized range of submissions, several of which can not be high-quality submissions. a corporation must be ready to cope with the exaggerated volume of alerts, and also the risk of a coffee signal to noise magnitude relation (essentially that it's probably that they're going to receive quite few unhelpful reports for each useful report).
Additionally, if the program does not attract enough participants (or participants with the incorrect talent set, and so participants are not able to establish any bugs), the program is not useful for the companies.
The overwhelming majority of bug bounty participants consider web site vulnerabilities (72%, per HackerOn), whereas solely a number of (3.5%) value more highly to seek for package vulnerabilities.
This is probably because of the actual fact that hacking in operation systems (like network hardware and memory) needs a big quantity of extremely specialised experience. this implies that firms may even see vital come on investment for bug bounties on websites, and not for alternative applications, notably those that need specialised experience.
This conjointly implies that organizations which require to look at AN application or web site among a selected time-frame may not need to rely on a bug bounty as there is no guarantee of once or if they receive reports.
Finally, it are often probably risky to permit freelance researchers to try to penetrate your network. this could end in public speech act of bugs, inflicting name harm within the limelight (which could end in individuals not eager to purchase the organizations' product or service), or speech act of bugs to additional malicious third parties, United Nations agency may use this data to focus on the organization.


NEW QUESTION # 682
......

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