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121. Frage
In the figure, a web client sends an HTTP request to a web server, and the router in between performs operations on the HTTP request. Which of the following statements are false about the router's operations? (Select all that apply)
Antwort: A,B,D
Begründung:
A router works mainly at the network layer. When it receives a frame, it removes the Layer 2 header and trailer, examines the destination IP address in the Layer 3 header, consults the routing table, selects the outgoing interface, and then re-encapsulates the packet into a new Layer 2 frame for the next hop. Therefore, statement B is true and is not part of the answer.
Statement A is false because the router does not create a new destination IP address during normal forwarding. The source and destination IP addresses remain unchanged end to end unless special functions such as NAT are used. Statement C is false because routing-table lookup is based on the destination IP address, not on TCP or UDP port numbers. Statement D is also false because normal IP routing does not inspect application-layer content to determine the outgoing interface. That decision is made from the network-layer destination address and the routing table. This question tests the layered forwarding logic of routers in TCP/IP networks.
122. Frage
In the figure, the router only ensures network connectivity between the web client and server, and all devices are interconnected through Ethernet cables. When the web client sends an HTTP request to the web server, which layers ' header information in the HTTP request will the router check or modify? (Select all that apply)
Antwort: A,B
Begründung:
A router performing conventional IP forwarding processes information primarily at the network layer and data link layer. Therefore, options A and D are correct.
At the data link layer, the router receives an Ethernet frame, examines its Layer 2 information, removes the incoming Ethernet encapsulation, and prepares a new Layer 2 frame for transmission through the outgoing interface.
At the network layer, the router examines the destination IP address, searches its routing table, selects an outgoing interface or next hop, and decreases the IPv4 Time to Live (TTL). It also updates the IPv4 header checksum.
The router does not normally examine HTTP application content or modify TCP transport information when performing standard routing. Those operations belong to higher-layer processing or additional services.
The HCIA-Datacom forwarding model distinguishes routing functions from transport-layer and application- layer processing.
123. Frage
Which of the following statements are true about the Python code shown below? (Select all that apply) import paramiko import time ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) ssh.connect( ' 192.168.1.254 ' , username= ' python ' , password= ' Huawei@123 ' ) channel = ssh.invoke_shell() channel.send( ' screen-length 0 temporary\n ' ) time.sleep(1) output = channel.recv(65535).decode( ' utf-8 ' ) print(output) ssh.close()
Antwort: A,B,C,D
Begründung:
All four statements are correct. The code uses the Paramiko library to automate SSH login to a network device. import paramiko and import time load the Python modules required for SSH communication and delay control, so option C is correct. The statement ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() creates an SSH client object, and ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) allows the client to accept an unknown host key automatically in this example scenario.
The command ssh.connect( ' 192.168.1.254 ' , username= ' python ' , password= ' Huawei@123 ' ) establishes an SSH connection to the target device, so option B is correct. Then channel = ssh.invoke_shell() opens an interactive shell channel , which is commonly used to send CLI commands and receive output just as an administrator would in a terminal session, making option D correct. The command channel.send( ' screen- length 0 temporary\n ' ) disables page-by-page output for the current session, which is useful in network automation. Finally, ssh.close() closes the SSH session and releases the connection, so option A is correct.
HCIA-Datacom automation knowledge often uses Paramiko examples to demonstrate basic Python-based device O & M.
124. Frage
In TCP/IP-based end-to-end communication, only the source and destination hosts process the header information added at the transport layer. Routers along the path will definitely not process this information.
Antwort: B
Begründung:
In the standard TCP/IP forwarding model, transport-layer headers such as TCP and UDP headers are added by the source host and are mainly interpreted by the destination host. Routers that forward packets between the source and destination operate primarily at the network layer , using the destination IP address in the IP header to make forwarding decisions. Therefore, under normal routing behavior, routers do not process transport-layer header information when deciding how to forward packets.
This is a key concept in layered communication. The source host encapsulates application data with a transport-layer header, then with an IP header, and finally with a data-link header. Each router along the path removes only the Layer 2 frame header, checks the Layer 3 destination IP information, decrements TTL, recalculates the IP header checksum when required, and forwards the packet. The transport-layer content remains unchanged in normal forwarding. HCIA-Datacom uses this principle to explain end-to-end communication and layer responsibilities. Although advanced devices may inspect higher-layer information for security or policy purposes, standard router forwarding in the basic TCP/IP model does not depend on transport-layer processing.
125. Frage
To ensure that the same data flow can be forwarded through the same physical link in a link aggregation group (LAG) and different data flows can be load balanced among different physical links in the LAG, the administrator needs to enable per-packet load balancing on the devices at both ends of the LAG.
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Ethernet link aggregation combines multiple physical links into one logical interface to improve available bandwidth and network reliability.
Huawei Eth-Trunk supports traffic distribution using a load-balancing mechanism based on flow information.
Per-packet load balancing distributes individual packets among available physical links. However, packets belonging to the same traffic flow may traverse different links with different transmission delays. This can cause packets to arrive out of order.
Per-flow load balancing addresses this problem by using packet-header information, such as source and destination addresses or transport-layer port numbers, to identify traffic flows and select member links.
Packets belonging to the same flow are normally forwarded through the same physical link, preserving packet order while allowing different flows to use different links.
Therefore, the stated requirement calls for per-flow rather than per-packet load balancing.
The correct answer is FALSE.
126. Frage
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