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CIPP-E試験は、ヨーロッパにおけるデータ保護の法的、規制上、倫理的な問題について包括的な理解が必要とされる厳しいテストです。試験は、データ主体の権利、データ保護影響評価、国際データ転送などの重要なトピックをカバーしています。CIPP-E試験に合格することは、個人のプライバシーとデータ保護への取り組みを証明し、欧州のデータ保護法に準拠するために取り組む組織にとって貴重な資産となります。
CIPP/E認定試験は、世界最大のプライバシー専門家協会である国際プライバシー専門家協会（IAPP）によって提供されています。 IAPPは、教育、ネットワーキングの機会、認定プログラムを提供することにより、プライバシーの専門職を推進することに取り組んでいます。 CIPP/E認定は、IAPPが提供する4つの認定の1つであり、他の認定はCIPP/US、CIPM、CIPTです。
今の競争が激しい社会にあたり、あなたは努力して所有したいことがあります。IT職員にとって、CIPP-E試験認定書はあなたの実力を証明できる重要なツールです。だから、IAPP CIPP-E試験に合格する必要があります。それで、弊社の質高いCIPP-E試験資料を薦めさせてください。
認定情報プライバシープロフェッショナル/ヨーロッパ（CIPP/E）認定は、プライバシーの知識と専門知識を促進したい個人にとって不可欠な資格です。国際プライバシー専門家協会（IAPP）は、欧州連合の一般データ保護規則（GDPR）の習熟を実証したい専門家にCIPP/E認定試験を提供しています。認定試験は、GDPRとヨーロッパで活動している企業に対するその意味を深く理解するための優れた方法です。
質問 # 97
There are three domains of security covered by Article 32 of the GDPR that apply to both the controller and the processor. These include all of the following EXCEPT?
正解：C
解説：
A) Consent management and withdrawal. Comprehensive Explanation: Article 32 of the GDPR requires the controller and the processor to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk of the processing. These measures should take into account the state of the art, the costs of implementation, the nature, scope, context and purposes of processing, and the risks of varying likelihood and severity for the rights and freedoms of natural persons. The three domains of security covered by Article 32 are:
Preventative security: This refers to the measures that aim to prevent or reduce the likelihood of security incidents, such as unauthorized or unlawful access, disclosure, alteration, loss or destruction of personal data. Examples of preventative security measures include encryption, pseudonymization, access control, firewalls, antivirus software, etc.
Incident detection and response: This refers to the measures that aim to detect, analyze, contain, eradicate and recover from security incidents, as well as to notify the relevant authorities and data subjects, and to document the facts and actions taken. Examples of incident detection and response measures include security monitoring, logging, auditing, incident response plans, breach notification procedures, etc.
Remedial security: This refers to the measures that aim to restore the availability and access to personal data in a timely manner in the event of a physical or technical incident, as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of security incidents on the data subjects. Examples of remedial security measures include backup, disaster recovery, business continuity, compensation, etc.
Consent management and withdrawal is not a domain of security covered by Article 32, but rather a requirement for the lawfulness of processing based on consent under Article 6(1)(a) and Article 7 of the GDPR. Consent management and withdrawal involves obtaining, recording, updating and revoking the consent of data subjects for specific purposes of processing, as well as informing them of their right to withdraw their consent at any time. Reference: Free CIPP/E Study Guide, page 35; CIPP/E Certification, page 17; GDPR, Article 32, Article 6(1)(a), Article 7.
質問 # 98
If a company chooses to ground an international data transfer on the contractual route, which of the following is NOT a valid set of standard contractual clauses?
正解：B
解説：
This is not a valid set of standard contractual clauses because it does not correspond to any of the decisions adopted by the European Commission under the GDPR or the previous Data Protection Directive 95/46. The correct decision for EU processor to non-EU or EEA controller is Decision 2010/87/EU, which was amended by Decision 2004/915/EC. Decision 2007/72/EC is actually related to the recognition of the adequacy of the protection of personal data in Switzerland. Reference:
Free CIPP/E Study Guide, page 18, section 3.4.2
Standard contractual clauses for international transfers, section 1.1
Standard Contractual Clauses (SCC), section 2.1
Decision 2007/72/EC
質問 # 99
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
TripBliss Inc. is a travel service company which has lost substantial revenue over the last few years. Their new manager, Oliver, suspects that this is partly due to the company's outdated website. After doing some research, he meets with a sales representative from the up-and-coming IT company Techiva, hoping that they can design a new, cutting-edge website for TripBliss Inc.'s foundering business.
During negotiations, a Techiva representative describes a plan for gathering more customer information through detailed questionnaires, which could be used to tailor their preferences to specific travel destinations.
TripBliss Inc. can choose any number of data categories - age, income, ethnicity - that would help them best accomplish their goals. Oliver loves this idea, but would also like to have some way of gauging how successful this approach is, especially since the questionnaires will require customers to provide explicit consent to having their data collected. The Techiva representative suggests that they also run a program to analyze the new website's traffic, in order to get a better understanding of how customers are using it. He explains his plan to place a number of cookies on customer devices. The cookies will allow the company to collect IP addresses and other information, such as the sites from which the customers came, how much time they spend on the TripBliss Inc. website, and which pages on the site they visit. All of this information will be compiled in log files, which Techiva will analyze by means of a special program. TripBliss Inc. would receive aggregate statistics to help them evaluate the website's effectiveness. Oliver enthusiastically engages Techiva for these services.
Techiva assigns the analytics portion of the project to longtime account manager Leon Santos. As is standard practice, Leon is given administrator rights to TripBliss Inc.'s website, and can authorize access to the log files gathered from it. Unfortunately for TripBliss Inc., however, Leon is taking on this new project at a time when his dissatisfaction with Techiva is at a high point. In order to take revenge for what he feels has been unfair treatment at the hands of the company, Leon asks his friend Fred, a hobby hacker, for help. Together they come up with the following plan: Fred will hack into Techiva's system and copy their log files onto a USB stick.
Despite his initial intention to send the USB to the press and to the data protection authority in order to denounce Techiva, Leon experiences a crisis of conscience and ends up reconsidering his plan. He decides instead to securely wipe all the data from the USB stick and inform his manager that the company's system of access control must be reconsidered.
With regard to TripBliss Inc.'s use of website cookies, which of the following statements is correct?
正解：D
質問 # 100
What term BEST describes the European model for data protection?
正解：C
解説：
The European model for data protection is best described as comprehensive, because it covers all sectors and types of data processing, and applies to any organization that targets or collects data related to people in the EU. The GDPR is the main legal instrument of this model, and it establishes a set of principles, rights, and obligations for data protection, as well as a harmonized framework for enforcement and cooperation among EU member states and data protection authorities. The GDPR also aims to ensure consistency with other EU laws and policies, such as the ePrivacy Directive, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, and the European Data Strategy. The European model for data protection is based on the recognition of data protection as a fundamental right and a public interest, and it reflects the EU's values and objectives of promoting human dignity, democracy, and the rule of law. Reference:
Data protection in the EU, section "Legislation"
What is GDPR, the EU's new data protection law?, section "What is the GDPR?" European Data Protection, Third Edition, page 1, section "Introduction" European Data Protection: Law and Practice, page 1, section "Introduction"
質問 # 101
How is the retention of communications traffic data for law enforcement purposes addressed by European data protection law?
正解：A
解説：
The ePrivacy Directive is a European Union (EU) directive that aims to protect the confidentiality of electronic communications and prevent their indiscriminate interception or monitoring. It was adopted in 2002 and amended in 2009. It applies to all providers of electronic communication services, such as internet service providers, mobile network operators, and online platforms12.
One of the main objectives of the ePrivacy Directive is to ensure that the retention of communications traffic data for law enforcement purposes is subject to strict conditions and safeguards. Communications traffic data refers to any information relating to the transmission or routing of electronic communications, such as IP addresses, timestamps, and metadata3. Such data can be used by competent national authorities for the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences and safeguarding national security4.
However, the ePrivacy Directive does not allow individual EU member states to engage in such data retention without harmonizing their rules. Article 6(1)(b) of the directive states that "Member States shall ensure that any measures taken by them in relation to the retention of traffic data are consistent with this Directive". Therefore, each EU member state must adopt a national law that complies with the requirements and limitations set by the directive12.
The Data Retention Directive (DRD) was a previous EU directive that aimed to establish a common framework for the retention of communications traffic data for law enforcement purposes across all EU member states. It was adopted in 2006 and amended in 2010. However, it was annulled by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in 2014 on procedural grounds. The CJEU found that some provisions of the DRD were inconsistent with other EU directives and principles, such as Article 8(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFR), which protects individuals from arbitrary interference with their privacy56.
The GDPR is a new EU regulation that implements some aspects of the DRD into national law through its provisions on processing personal data. However, it does not address directly the issue of communications traffic data retention for law enforcement purposes. Instead, it requires providers to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk involved in processing personal data. These measures include encryption, pseudonymisation, access control, and accountability7 . The GDPR also grants individuals certain rights regarding their personal data, such as access, rectification, erasure, portability, and objection7 .
Therefore, under current EU law, there is no single legal basis for retaining communications traffic data for law enforcement purposes across all EU member states. Each member state must adopt its own national law that respects the principles and limitations established by the ePrivacy Directive.
Reference:
ePrivacy Directive
ePrivacy Regulation
What is Communications Traffic Data?
How is Communications Traffic Data Retained?
Data Retention Directive
Data Retention Directive annulled by CJEU
General Data Protection Regulation
What are your rights regarding your personal data?
質問 # 102
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