現在、どの領域にでも勉強して努力する必要があります。IT業界でも同じです。AAVSBに関する仕事をしている人たちはさまざまな認証試験に参加して自分の知識を補充し、よく働く必要があります。VTNE試験に合格するのはあなたの能力を証明して、質素を高めることができます。
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Anesthesia | 13% | - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Recovery and emergency management - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation |
| Dentistry | 7% | - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Periodontal care and patient education |
| Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures |
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Controlled substance management - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents |
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Physical examination, patient assessment - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy |
| Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques |
| Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Image quality assessment and documentation - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique |
ここで私は明確にしたいのはJpexamのVTNE問題集の核心価値です。Jpexamの問題集は100％の合格率を持っています。JpexamのVTNE問題集は多くのIT専門家の数年の経験の結晶で、高い価値を持っています。そのVTNE参考資料はIT認定試験の準備に使用することができるだけでなく、自分のスキルを向上させるためのツールとして使えることもできます。そのほか、もし試験に関連する知識をより多く知りたいなら、それもあなたの望みを満たすことができます。
質問 # 1040
You call an owner the day before surgery to remind them of the procedure and protocol. While each practice and species may have different fasting requirements, it is generally agreed that for most species, fasting, to some degree, is required. The owner complains that her pet will be very hungry and wake her up overnight if she doesn't feed the pet.
You explain to the owner that the animal needs to fast for the following reasons except:
正解：B
解説：
Most species, ideally, require some degree of withholding of food. Water, most studies show, does not need to be restricted, and even restricting water can lead to an increased risk of dehydration under anesthesia. In human medicine, water is often no longer restricted until just before the procedure (or upon admission for surgical prep). The duration of fasting is based on the digestive tract of the species of concern and the patient's age. Juvenile and neonatal patients cannot go as long without eating. Some species do not need to fast at all, such as rabbits. But for most species, we recommend some degree of fasting because:
*Anesthesia decreases the swallowing reflex
*Anesthetics can cause vomiting or nausea - though most veterinarians are pre-emptive about this, combining medications that have antiemetic properties in the premedication or overall anesthetic protocol to minimize the risks of aspiration into the esophagus and pharynx and prevent lung aspiration.
*Minimize the risks of aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs
*A decrease in the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter occurs, increasing the risk of material aspirating into the esophagus and pharynx and, again, further increasing the risk of aspiration.
質問 # 1041
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and CT (computed tomography) are advanced imaging techniques that produce "slice-like" images of the body. Which of the following statements comparing these techniques is true?
正解：B
解説：
CT requires radiation exposure similar to numerous x-rays from different angles, that are then computer-processed to form the CT images. MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to generate computer-processed images, but no radiation.
Both CT and MRI studies may involve the administration of contrast agents to increase image detail. CT typically uses an iodinated material such as iohexol, while MRI uses gadolinium.
MRI provides less detail for imaging air-filled structures such as the nasal cavity, ears, airways, and lungs when compared with CT.
While the number of slices and techniques requested by a radiologist may differ for particular sites and patients, generally, MRI is several-fold longer than CT for equivalent studies. For example, a brain MRI usually has an hour of scan time, while a skull CT will take 5-20 minutes.
質問 # 1042
Which of the following medications is a controlled drug?
正解：A
解説：
The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) has grouped controlled substances into five categories based on the potential for abuse:
*I: No acceptable medical use in the USA; high abuse potential. Example: heroin
*II: High abuse potential, severe dependence liability. Examples: hydromorphone, morphine, fentanyl
*III: Moderate to low dependence liability. Examples: ketamine, buprenorphine, acetaminophen with codeine combo
*IV: Limited dependence liability. Examples: butorphanol, midazolam, tramadol, alfaxalone
*V: Limited abuse potential; no prescribing limitations. Examples: Lomotil (diphenoxylate), codeine (antiitussive meds) Dexmedetomidine, propofol, and acepromazine are all commonly used for sedation, tranquilization, analgesia, and anesthesia, but are not controlled substances. Gabapentin, while not controlled, may become so in the future.
質問 # 1043
How many planes are there in stage 3 of anesthesia?
正解：D
解説：
Anesthesia has been described as a series of four stages with specific reflexes and/or signs:
Stage 1: The period between administration of an anesthetic and loss of consciousness.
Respiratory efforts change as anesthesia deepens. In Stage 1, the animal is awake and respiration may be quite rapid due to the excitation of being handled. It is evenly apportioned between the chest and abdomen and is quite regular.
Stage 2: The period after the loss of consciousness, which may include actions such as uncontrolled movement, delirium, vocalization. For this reason, it may be known as the excitation phase.
Muscle tone decreases from a maximum during Stage 2 all the way through Stage 3. Jaw tone is a good indication of muscle tone. Breathing is still evenly apportioned between chest and abdomen but is less regular and breath-holding may occur.
Stage 3: The level at which surgery can be performed.
Shine a light in the eye and the pupil constricts (present at the start of Stage 3 and starts to decrease and will be absent by about the middle of Stage 3). Touch the corner of the eye or the cornea and the animal blinks (disappears early in Stage 3). Simulation of the larynx will cause the animal to swallow. The stimulation may be from outside, for example, an attempt to pass an endotracheal tube. Or this stimulation may be internal, for example, the presence of secretions in the larynx. This is a mechanism to prevent accidental aspiration of fluids into the lungs. This reflex will disappear early in Stage 3. Early in Stage 3, breathing is regular with equal contributions from chest and abdomen. As anesthesia deepens, breathing becomes shallower and more predominantly abdominal. Late in Stage 3, it becomes irregular and in Stage 4, it will stop.
Stage 3 anesthesia is divided into three planes:
*Plane 1: "Light" anesthesia - the animal still has blink and swallowing reflexes, and regular respirations
*Plane 2: "Surgical" anesthesia - the animal has lost blink reflexes, pupils become fixed but respirations remain regular.
*Plane 3: "Deep" anesthesia - the animal starts losing the ability to use the respiratory muscles and breathing becomes shallow; may require assisted ventilation.
Stage 4: Anesthetic crisis! Respiratory arrest and death from circulatory collapse are imminent.
Note: Some systems may divide Stage 3 into four planes, with planes 3 and 4 deeper than ideal.
質問 # 1044
All of the following are abnormalities a veterinary technician should report to the veterinarian before beginning any anesthetic procedure except:
正解：C
解説：
Due to the potential for serious and sometimes fatal side effects of anesthetic procedures, veterinary technicians should perform a thorough pre-anesthetic exam to determine whether the patient has any abnormal baseline findings.
Findings that should be reported to the veterinarian before beginning any anesthetic procedure include dehydration, obesity, cachexia (weight loss and muscle atrophy), abnormal pupil size or other neurological changes, irregular pulse, abnormal respiratory signs, abnormal mucous membrane color, abnormal heart rate, and hyperthermia or hypothermia.
Owners are asked to withhold food from the majority of patients for a period of time prior to an anesthetic procedure, so hunger is not an abnormal finding for a fasting animal. The duration of fasting varies with the species, age of the patient, and underlying health conditions, among other factors.
質問 # 1045
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VTNEガイド資料は、ユーザーの関心を本当に重視しています。開発プロセスでは、ユーザーのさまざまなニーズも常に考慮します。お客様の状況に応じて、当社のVTNE学習資料は、さまざまな資料をお客様に合わせて調整します。あなたに最適なVTNE練習問題は、間違いなく短時間でより効果的に感じられるようにします。 VTNE学習教材を選択することは間違いなくあなたの正しい決断です。もちろん、試用版を使用した後に決定することもできます。 VTNEの実際の試験で、あなたの参加を楽しみにしています。
VTNE試験関連情報: https://www.jpexam.com/VTNE_exam.html