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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Value Methodology Core Competencies | - Value Concept
- VM Study Execution and Team Management - Value Methodology Foundations
- VM Facilitation and Leadership - Value Methodology Job Plan Application |
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質問 # 13
Pareto's law of distribution can be applied to
Choose 4 answers.
正解：A、C、D、F
解説：
The correct answers are A, C, D, and E . Pareto's law of distribution, often expressed as the 80/20 principle , is used in Value Methodology to focus team attention on the "vital few" items that create the greatest effect.
In a VM study, this principle helps the team avoid spreading effort equally across all issues and instead concentrate on the limited number of elements that drive most of the project impact.
It can be applied to time , because a small number of activities often consume most of the schedule or create major delay exposure. It can be applied to quality , because a limited group of defects, failures, or performance gaps may account for most quality problems. It can be applied to risk , because a small number of risk events often carry the largest probability-impact burden. It is also highly applicable to costs , because VM studies commonly use cost models and cost distribution to identify high-cost elements for function analysis and value improvement.
Standards are not normally treated as Pareto-distributed variables; they are requirements or constraints.
Performance is important in VM, but Pareto application is more directly tied to measurable distributions such as cost, time, quality problems, and risk exposure.
References/topics: Information Phase; Pareto Analysis; Cost Modeling; Risk Identification; Quality Drivers; Schedule Drivers.
質問 # 14
Match the statements that best identify a FAST diagram and flowchart.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
The correct matches are FAST Diagram = Describes the purpose of the study subject and Flowchart = Describes the activities of the study subject . In Value Methodology, a FAST diagram is not an activity map. It is a function model. SAVE's Study Guide defines a function as the original intent or purpose that a product, service, or process is expected to perform, expressed in active verb/measurable noun form. It also defines FAST as a graphical representation of dependent relationships between functions within a project.
Therefore, FAST is used to understand the functional purpose and how functions logically relate through "how
/why" thinking.
A flowchart is different. It represents process flow: the sequence of activities, steps, or operations used by the study subject. SAVE's glossary defines a process as a sequence of activities that delivers a product or project.
That aligns directly with the option "Describes the activities of the study subject."
"Identifies flaws" is too narrow; defects may be discovered during analysis, but that is not the defining purpose of either tool. "Prioritizes activities" is also incorrect because prioritization normally belongs to evaluation or decision methods, not basic FAST or flowchart definition.
References/topics: Function Analysis Phase; FAST Diagramming; Function Modeling; Process Flowchart; How-Why Logic.
質問 # 15
Which of the following actions should be taken to develop a comprehensive and effective VM study report?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、D
解説：
The correct answers are A. List VM proposals developed and C. Focus the report on the major VM proposals .
In the Presentation Phase, the VM study report must document the results of the study in a clear, decision- oriented format. The report should identify the VM proposals developed during the Development Phase, including the recommended change, basis of comparison, cost effect, value improvement, advantages, disadvantages, and implementation considerations. Listing the developed proposals gives decision makers a complete record of the team's actionable outputs.
However, an effective report should not become a raw archive of every discussion, idea, or technical detail. It should focus attention on the major VM proposals that offer meaningful value improvement and require management review or approval. This aligns with the Presentation Phase purpose: to communicate developed alternatives clearly and obtain concurrence for implementation.
Option B is less appropriate because the methodology may be summarized, but an overly detailed methodology section can distract from the proposals and decisions required. Option D is incorrect because technical terminology should be controlled and audience-appropriate; excessive jargon weakens communication.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Study Report; Development Phase; VM Proposals; Decision- Maker Communication.
質問 # 16
Which factors influence the scheduling of the presentation at the end of the VM study workshop?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：A、C
解説：
The correct answers are C and D . The end-of-workshop presentation is part of the Presentation Phase , whose objective is to obtain concurrence and commitment from the designer, project sponsor, and management to proceed with implementation. SAVE's VM Job Plan identifies Presentation Phase activities as presenting an oral report, preparing the written report, and obtaining implementation commitments. ( UW Courses ) Therefore, the level of management involvement directly affects scheduling because the presentation must be arranged when the decision-making body, sponsor, designer, and appropriate managers are available. The standard states that the VM team presents recommendations to the decision-making body and uses interactive discussion to obtain approval or direction for more information. ( UW Courses ) The number of VM proposals developed also affects scheduling because more proposals require more time for explanation, supporting data, benefit analysis, cost/schedule impacts, risks, and implementation requirements. The Development Phase requires each proposed alternative to include technical data, cost and performance data, schedule impact, and implementation planning before presentation. ( UW Courses ) Team size and general participant count may affect logistics, but they are not the primary scheduling drivers for the formal final presentation.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; Development Phase; VM Proposals; Management Commitment; Implementation Planning.
質問 # 17
Carpet and vinyl tile are acceptable alternatives for an owner to cover 1,000 square meters of floor.
Carpet
Installation cost, including pad = $30 / square meter
Service life = 10 years
Maintenance cost: vacuum weekly = $500 / month
Maintenance cost: shampoo once per year = $3,000 / shampoo
Vinyl
Installation cost, including pad = $10 / square meter
Service life = 15 years
Maintenance cost: vacuum weekly = $400 / month
Maintenance cost: strip and wax once per month = $1,000 / strip and wax What is the initial cost of the carpet ?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is A. $30,000 . The question asks only for the initial cost of the carpet, not its annual maintenance cost, life-cycle cost, present worth, or equivalent annual cost. In SAVE terminology, initial cost means the first expenditure required to acquire, produce, construct, or install the project, product, or process.
The SAVE VM Dictionary identifies initial cost as the initial expenditure of resources and also treats it as interchangeable with capital cost. It separately defines life-cycle cost as the sum of initial cost, recurrent annual cost, single expenditures, and disposal or salvage value over a defined period. Therefore, the maintenance costs and service-life data are distractors for this specific calculation.
The carpet covers 1,000 square meters , and the installation cost is $30 per square meter . The calculation is:
1,000 × $30 = $30,000
Options B, C, and D incorrectly imply that additional costs have been added to the initial installation cost. In the Evaluation Phase, CVS candidates must identify the cost category being requested before performing the calculation. SAVE's VM Standard places structured evaluation after creativity to compare alternatives while considering performance requirements and resource limits.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Initial Cost; Capital Cost; Life-Cycle Cost Analysis; Cost Classification.
質問 # 18
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