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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Threats, Attacks, and Risk Mitigation | 8% | - Attack types and defense mechanisms - Risk assessment and mitigation planning - Threat modeling and vulnerability assessment |
| Topic 2: Identity and Access Control | 20% | - Authentication and authorization architectures - ClearPass deployment and policy design - Wired/wireless secure access integration - Role-based and context-aware access control |
| Topic 3: Governance, Compliance, and Best Practices | 15% | - Network security standards and best practices - Audit, compliance, and risk management - Security governance frameworks and policies |
| Topic 4: Security Operations and Monitoring | 12% | - Log analysis, threat detection, and response - Network security monitoring and visibility - SOC integration and incident handling |
| Topic 5: Network Security Architecture and Design | 25% | - PKI and secure network services design - Multi-layer defense strategies - Campus, branch, and data center security design - Zero Trust and micro-segmentation design |
| Topic 6: Infrastructure and Perimeter Security | 20% | - Aruba AOS / AOS-CX security features - Secure routing, switching, and segmentation - DDoS mitigation and edge security - Firewall, IDS/IPS, and threat protection |
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NEW QUESTION # 24
Refer to the exhibit.
An administrator has configured a remote mirror between an AOS-CX switch and a station running a protocol analyzer. The exhibit displays a sample of the packet capture.
Packet trace details:
* Source: 10.1.147.150 - > Destination: 10.1.140.9 TCP 57427 - > 443 [SYN] Seq=0 Len=0
* Source: 10.1.147.150 - > Destination: 10.1.140.10 TCP 57427 - > 443 [SYN] Seq=0 Len=0
* Source: 10.1.147.150 - > Destination: 10.1.140.11 TCP 57427 - > 443 [SYN] Seq=0 Len=0
* Source: 10.1.147.150 - > Destination: 10.1.140.12 TCP 57427 - > 443 [SYN] Seq=0 Len=0
* Source: 10.1.147.150 - > Destination: 10.1.140.13 TCP 57427 - > 443 [SYN] Seq=0 Len=0 Packet encapsulation tree shows Generic Routing Encapsulation (Transparent Ethernet bridging).
Which characteristic is suspicious?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Wireshark capture illustrates a clear pattern of horizontal network scanning / host discovery. Endpoint
10.1.147.150 is systematically generating initial TCP connection requests (SYN frames) targeting a single destination service (HTTPS port 443) across sequential destination IP addresses in rapid succession (10.1.140.9, .10, .11, .12, .13, .14, etc.).
In legitimate client behavior, endpoints do not systematically iterate through consecutive IP addresses on a subnet attempting to establish SSL/TLS handshakes across identical source and destination ports within milliseconds. This behavior is indicative of automated network reconnaissance or an infected host attempting lateral movement and worm propagation.
The other technical characteristics observed in the trace are normal: TCP SYN packets routinely have a length of 0 with no payload; TCP flags (SYN=1, ACK=0) are standard for initial session handshakes; and Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) is expected because the administrator configured remote port mirroring (ERSPAN) on the AOS-CX switch to deliver mirrored packets to the analyzer station.
References: HPE Network Security Threat Analysis - Network Scanning Indicators and Remote Mirroring Forensics.
NEW QUESTION # 25
A customer has an HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass cluster. The customer uses AOS-CX switches that perform 802.1X authentication through HPE Aruba Networking ClearPass Policy Manager (CPPM). The switches use local port-access policies.
The customer wants to begin tunneling wired clients that pass user authentication only to an HPE Aruba Networking gateway cluster. The gateway cluster must place these clients in the eth-internet role. The gateway must also assign the clients to VLAN 20.
The proposed enforcement policy and profiles are shown below:
* Policy: `written-exam-3`
* Profile: `written-exam-b`
The gateway cluster contains two gateways with the following IP addresses:
Gateway 1: VLAN 4085 (system IP) = 10.20.4.21 | VLAN 20 (users) = 10.20.20.1 | VLAN 4094 (WAN) =
198.51.100.14
Gateway 2: VLAN 4085 (system IP) = 10.20.4.22 | VLAN 20 (users) = 10.20.20.2 | VLAN 4094 (WAN) =
198.51.100.12 | VRRP on VLAN 20 = 10.20.20.254
The customer needs high availability for tunnels between the switches and the gateway cluster. If one gateway fails, the other gateway must take over its tunnels. The switch must also be able to discover the gateway cluster whether either gateway is present in the cluster.
Refer to the scenario.
You are configuring the UBT zone on an AOS-CX switch. Which IP addresses should you configure in the zone?
Answer: A
Explanation:
When configuring User-Based Tunneling (UBT) on AOS-CX switches connecting to an HPE Aruba Networking gateway cluster, high availability and node redundancy are handled through cluster protocol signaling rather than static switch IP tracking.
In an Aruba gateway cluster, cluster members elect a Conductor and establish inter-gateway cluster communications. The AOS-CX switch uses the configured `primary-controller` IP address solely as an initial cluster discovery rendezvous point. Once the switch initiates the UBT control tunnel to Gateway 1's system IP (`10.20.4.21`), the gateway responds with the cluster topology, identifying all active cluster members and load-balancing parameters.
AOS-CX UBT guidelines specify that when tunneling to a single gateway cluster, administrators must configure only one cluster member's system IP as the `primary-controller` and leave `backup-controller` undefined. Configuring a second cluster member as the `backup-controller` from within the same cluster is unsupported, as the backup controller parameter is reserved strictly for a secondary, discrete standalone gateway or separate disaster-recovery cluster.
References: AOS-CX Dynamic Segmentation Guide - UBT Gateway Cluster Integration and High Availability.
NEW QUESTION # 26
A customer operates two AOS-10 HPE Aruba Networking gateways at a site. The gateways are part of an SD- Branch solution managed by HPE Aruba Networking Central, and their cluster setting uses WLAN mode (the non-default gateway mode).
You are configuring a manual HPE Aruba Networking gateway cluster for dynamic authorization. The gateways have these IP addresses on a subnet that CPPM can access:
Gateway 1 = 10.56.20.2
Gateway 2 = 10.56.20.3
Which VRRP IP address assignments are valid for the gateways? Assume that all IP address options are available.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In AOS-10 gateway clustering architectures, clustering dynamic authorization (RFC 3576 / CoA) enables ClearPass Policy Manager to send Disconnect and CoA requests to an active cluster instance without needing to track which individual physical gateway is currently terminating the client's session.
When configuring dynamic authorization on gateway clusters operating in WLAN / non-default gateway mode, ArubaOS requires establishing dual VRRP redundancy instances. Each gateway in the cluster is assigned its own dedicated VRRP virtual IP address. Under this active-active dual-VRRP design, Gateway 1 hosts VRRP Instance 1 (acting as Master with its own unique virtual IP, such as `10.56.20.4`), while Gateway
2 hosts VRRP Instance 2 (acting as Master with its own unique virtual IP, such as `10.56.20.5`).
VRRP virtual IP addresses must be distinct, unassigned IP addresses within the subnet and cannot duplicate the physical interface IP addresses of the gateways (`10.56.20.2` and `10.56.20.3`), making `Gateway 1 =
10.56.20.4 and Gateway 2 = 10.56.20.5` the valid configuration.
References: AOS-10 Gateway High Availability Guide - Dynamic Authorization in Gateway Clusters.
NEW QUESTION # 27
The customer's security team has added a requirement: TEAP settings delivered to domain clients must use anonymous for the outer method. AOS mobility administrators now report that every wireless client appears under the same anonymous name, which makes troubleshooting difficult.
What should you recommend to best balance the security and mobility-administration needs?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Tunneled EAP (TEAP / RFC 7170) provides outer-identity privacy by allowing clients to submit an anonymous outer identity (e.g., `anonymous@domain.com`) during the initial EAP exchange to prevent eavesdroppers from harvesting client usernames over the RF medium. However, Network Access Devices (AOS gateways and APs) track active client sessions using the outer identity received during 802.1X, causing all sessions in the mobility controller user table to display as "anonymous." Within the secure TEAP tunnel, the client authenticates using its real identity during inner authentication (Method 1 machine authentication and Method 2 user authentication). ClearPass stores the authenticated user identity in the dynamic session context as `%{Authentication:TEAP-Method-2-Username}`.
To satisfy identity privacy over the RF link while restoring visibility on the mobility infrastructure, ClearPass can return a RADIUS Enforcement Profile in the final Access-Accept that overwrites the session name using the standard RADIUS attribute `User-Name` (IETF Attribute 1) set to `%{Authentication:TEAP-Method-2- Username}`. The gateway then populates its user and session tables with the actual username without compromising the anonymous outer TLS handshake.
References: ClearPass Policy Manager TEAP Implementation Guide and ArubaOS RADIUS Attribute Dictionaries.
NEW QUESTION # 28
How does HPE Aruba Networking Central secure site-to-site connections between AOS-10 gateways?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In an AOS-10 SD-WAN enterprise deployment, site-to-site network interconnectivity between Branch Gateways (VPNC clients) and Headend Gateways / VPNCs (Hubs) is established using automated IPsec overlay tunnels.
HPE Aruba Networking Central acts as the cloud orchestrator and control plane for this overlay fabric. Rather than requiring manual IKE phase 1/2 preshared key (PSK) negotiation, crypto-map binding, or complex public key infrastructure (PKI) enrollment across hundreds of distributed gateways, Central automates the entire IPsec lifecycle. Central securely generates, provisions, and distributes dynamic keying material and encryption parameters to all authorized gateways over encrypted management channels.
Gateways leverage these keys to dynamically establish standard authenticated IPsec VPN tunnels across public Internet, broadband, and private transport circuits. Central does not use proprietary encryption schemes (relying instead on industry-standard AES-GCM/CBC IPsec standards) nor does it encapsulate site-to-site WAN overlays inside TLS tunnels.
References: AOS-10 Architecture Guide - SD-WAN Overlay Orchestration and Automated IPsec Tunneling.
NEW QUESTION # 29
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