참고: Pass4Test에서 Google Drive로 공유하는 무료 2026 CIPS L4M8 시험 문제집이 있습니다: https://drive.google.com/open?id=14_x7I6z0h64K2225WXlpX8DUR4Q44nlj
저희 Pass4Test의 덤프 업데이트시간은 업계에서 가장 빠르다고 많은 덤프구매자 분들께서 전해주셨습니다. CIPS L4M8 덤프도 마찬가지 입니다. 저희는 수시로 덤프업데이트 가능성을 체크하여 덤프를 항상 시중에서 가장 최신버전이 될수있도록 최선을 다하고 있습니다. 구매후 1년무료업데이트서비스를 해드리기에 구매후에도 덤프유효성을 최대한 연장해드립니다.
CIPS L4M8 자격증 시험은 조달 및 공급망 관리 분야에서 높은 수준의 지식과 전문 기술을 증명해야 하는 엄격한 프로그램입니다. 시험은 객관식 문제로 구성되어 있으며, 후보자는 최소 60%의 점수로 합격해야합니다. 이 자격증은 전 세계적으로 인정되며, 조달 및 공급망 관리 산업에서 고용주들이 높이 평가합니다. CIPS L4M8 자격증을 취득하면 새로운 직업 기회를 열고 조달 및 공급망 관리 분야에서 전문가들의 경력을 발전시키는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다.
Pass4Test의 CIPS인증 L4M8시험덤프자료는 IT인사들의 많은 찬양을 받아왔습니다.이는Pass4Test의 CIPS인증 L4M8덤프가 신뢰성을 다시 한번 인증해주는것입니다. CIPS인증 L4M8시험덤프의 인기는 이 시험과목이 얼마나 중요한지를 증명해줍니다. Pass4Test의 CIPS인증 L4M8덤프로 이 중요한 IT인증시험을 준비하시면 우수한 성적으로 시험을 통과하여 인정받는 IT전문가로 될것입니다.
CIPS L4M8 자격증 시험은 조달 및 공급망 관리 지식과 기술을 향상시키고자 하는 전문가들을 대상으로 설계되었습니다. 이 자격증 프로그램은 조달 프로세스와 절차, 재고 관리, 협상 기술, 계약 관리 및 공급 업체 선택 등 다양한 주제를 다룹니다. 이 프로그램은 전문가들에게 조달 및 공급망 관리 프로세스를 종합적으로 이해하고 이러한 프로세스를 효과적으로 관리하고 최적화하기 위한 기술을 제공하기 위해 설계되었습니다.
질문 # 76
Create two KPIs and two SLAs for a contract with which you are familiar.
정답：
설명：
Key performance Indicators (KPIs) and service level Agreement (SLA) are measures that demon-strate the effectiveness of a supplier. By using KPIs and SLAs as part of suppliers management, procurement professionals can monitor and evaluate performance and identify areas that need attention or improvement.
KPIs and SLAs are used for product and service contract respectively.
Two KPI
1) Number of defects: Not more than two defects is allowed on the generator and its accessories
2) Supplier Lead Time: Delivery after placing order should not be anytime longer than 14 days.
Two SLAs
1) The toilet should be washed with soap, and deodorant should be sprayed twice a day
2) Bathroom and toilet should not be allowed to smell out to the passage. Bathroom smelling out to the passage twice a month is a violation of the contract.
* Refer to the question column for response
질문 # 77
Think of a supply chain with which you are familiar and distinguish between the primary, second-ary and tertiary sector organization within it.
정답：
설명：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Supply chain involves a network of individuals, organizations, technology activities and resources to make sure goods or services flow along the chain. If one point fails, every part further along the chain fails.
Fullpower projects (a flour manufacturer) supply chain begins with producers (raw materials, wheat farmers), suppliers, manufactures, distributors, retailers and end users (customer).
Fullpower projects supply chain falls within the primary sector (producers of wheat), the secondary sector include the manufacturing (those that converts the wheat the suppliers brings into flour) and tertiary sector (the distributor those that takes the wheat to the end users).
질문 # 78
Describe the seven stages of the Tender Process and explain the reasons why the stages must be followed.
정답：
설명：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
The purpose of the tendering process is to invite potential suppliers to bid to supply a product or service to the buying organization. Then buying organization select suitable suppliers, award con-tract and manage. The process is selected mostly when the need is a large or complex project or the law mandates it or it is in the company's policies to do so. The stages of the tendering process includes; Stage 1: decide which style of tender to use. There are four types of tendering used within pro-curement and this include; 1) open 2) Restricted 3) Negotiated 4) Competitive Dialogue Stage 2: Prepare invitation to tender (ITT): this stage is to prepare the document that will be made available to potential supplier. It should contain everything potential bidders will need to know to fully understand the need and to prepare and send a suitable RESPONSE it may likely in-clude; open letter, company details, overview of a project, evaluation criteria, submission date and so on.
Stage 3: send ITT: With fairness, transparency and equality, buyer will provide the documents to all potential suppliers at the same time and also provide exactly the same information/documents to all suppliers. If after receiving the ITT and some suppliers seek clarifications on anything in the documentation, buyers must give same response to identical questions to keep the process transparent and fair. Also, the response to each query to all bidders in the process.
Failure to this may result in bidders who feel disadvantaged or discriminated in any form to submit a legal challenge. Supplier submitting a Legal challenge may cause delay in the process and eventually increase administrative cost for the buyer.
Stage 4: Buying organization receives responses to the Invitation to tender from suppliers (bids). Suppliers must adhere to the bid submission dead line included in the invitation to tender document. Any bid that arrives after the deadline must be left out of the process, or else this may result to other suppliers legally challenging the process.
Stage 5: Evaluate bid. The buying organization can now evaluate the bids based on the criteria in the ITT document. It is always thorough that cross-functional team evaluates the bids to guarantee complete fairness and ensure that the chosen bid is fit for purpose. In evaluating the bids, the cross-functional team will consider the bids in the following areas; supplier organization, ethics, price, sustainability, quality, payment, disposal, service level, location, warranty and risk.
Stage 6: Award contract and give feedback hence the buying organization wards the contract to the winning supplier. This can take place by a formal communication like a letter or an e-mail.
Stage 7: Contract management. Contracts must be evaluated against the criteria in the invitation to tender.
The reasons why these stages must be followed includes;
1. Knowing the right TYPE of tender to use, reduces administration cost, for example, deciding to do restricted tendering to reduce the interest that are going to be sent in have already cut down on administrative cost.
2. The supplier can know what exactly the buyer's intentions are by developing description and the required specification.
3. To ensure that objectives of resorting to use the tendering style and the tendering process is achieved
4. To ensure that the organization generates added value by going through the stages.
5. To ensure that there are none unethical issues like fraud, bribes etc are not part of the system.
6. To ensure that the tendering process becomes transparent to all suppliers. These stages must be followed for transparency and fairness. Just like in stage 3: buyer send out the ITT to potential suppliers at the same time and providing them same information. Failure to this and bidders who feel disadvantaged or discriminated in any form may submit a legal challenge. Supplier submitting a Legal challenge may cause delay in the process and eventually increase administrative cost for the buyer.
질문 # 79
Describe what should be considered when creating damages terms in a contract.
정답：
설명：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Damages are 'sum of money that the supplier pays if it fails to carry out its contractual obligation.
When creating terms for damages in the contract, it should be considered that Damages are categorized into two types (liquidated and un-liquidated). And which or if both are applicable to the contract in hand.
Liquidate Damages are fixed amount of money agreed between the parties that is payable if a contract is breached. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device and going ahead to include a fee in the contract if the device was destroyed.
Un-liquidated damages are unfixed amount of money. It is used when the amount of money that will compensate the injured party cannot be known in advance. A court decides the amount when the damages occur. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device, other appliances and equipment unknown, cause the buyer delay in the process and reputational damage as in customer dissatisfaction. Yet, unquantifiable as both parties are unable to fix a fee in advance on the damages and leaving it to the court to decide the damage if it may occur.
질문 # 80
What are the 3Ps in the triple bottom line.
정답：
설명：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Trying to measure how sustainable an organization was use to be challenging undertaking. However, during the 1990s, a concept brought up by American John Elkington change the way sustainability was measured.
This framework is known as the triple bottom line (TBL) and measures sustainability in relation to organizational performance and investment against the 3Ps (1) Profits (2) People (3) Planet. For example; Profit: A packaging manufacturer reinvesting its profits in State- of-the-art recycling machinery for it wasted cardboard.
People: A large privately owned call centre donate its end of life computers to a local youth clubs and social groups to help gain internet cases.
Planet: A driving instructors using only hybrid vehicles to teach her learners, thus to reducing Co2 emission.
질문 # 81
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