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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Azure Infrastructure Exploitation | - Virtual machine compromise and lateral movement - Network security group and virtual network abuse |
| Azure Active Directory (Entra ID) Attacks | - Misconfiguration exploitation in identity services - Privilege escalation in Entra ID |
| Cloud Attack Chains & Real-World Scenarios | - Multi-stage exploitation paths in Azure environments - Flag-based CTF-style objective completion |
| Azure Storage & Data Exfiltration | - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation - Sensitive data discovery and extraction |
| Azure Cloud Attack Surface & Reconnaissance | - Azure environment enumeration and asset discovery - Identity and tenant reconnaissance (Entra ID) |
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NEW QUESTION # 12
During network reconnaissance of an Azure VM, you inspect its Network Security Group. Which inbound rule creates the highest risk?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
List NSG rules:
az network nsg rule list \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--nsg-name nsg-prod-linux01 \
--output table
Expected risky rule:
Name Priority Direction Access Protocol Source DestinationPortRange
------------ -------- --------- ------ -------- ------------ -------------------- Allow-SSH 100 Inbound Allow Tcp Internet 22 SSH exposed directly to the Internet is risky because it increases brute-force, credential-stuffing, and remote exploitation exposure. In a hardened Azure environment, SSH should typically be restricted through VPN, Bastion, JIT access, or trusted administrative IP ranges.
Correct answer:
B). Allow TCP 22 from Internet
NEW QUESTION # 13
After authenticating as the service principal, enumerate its assigned Azure RBAC role. Which role does it have?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then list role assignments:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show \
--id c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 \
--query id \
--output tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
Expected output:
Principal Role Scope
------------------------------------ ----------- ----------------------------------------
< sp-object-id > Contributor /subscriptions/5d8e44ac-...
Correct answer:
B). Contributor
NEW QUESTION # 14
You are reviewing Azure Activity Logs after a lab compromise. Which operation indicates that an attacker reset another user's password through Microsoft Entra ID?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
In an Entra ID abuse path, a privileged user such as User Administrator may reset another user's password. In logs, this appears as a user update operation involving the password profile.
Check audit logs in the portal:
Microsoft Entra ID # Monitoring # Audit logs
Or query via Microsoft Graph/Azure tooling depending on permissions.
The activity to look for is generally:
Update user
Modified property: passwordProfile
The other options represent different activities:
Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments/write = RBAC role assignment change Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts/listKeys/action = storage account key retrieval Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/secrets/read = Key Vault secret read Correct answer:
B). Update user / password profile modification
NEW QUESTION # 15
The App Service has a system-assigned managed identity enabled. Identify the managed identity principal ID.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1
Detailed Solution:
Run:
az webapp identity show \
--name finance-reporting-api \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--output json
Expected output:
{
" principalId " : " b72a4c19-92f6-47f3-b3dd-9db5a31831d1 " ,
" tenantId " : " 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a " ,
" type " : " SystemAssigned "
}
The principalId is the service principal object ID of the managed identity.
Microsoft documents that managed identities provide Azure-managed identities for applications and eliminate the need to manage application secrets directly.
NEW QUESTION # 16
A managed identity has Key Vault Secrets User access to kv-finance-prod. Enumerate secrets and retrieve the hidden flag.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{managed_identity_can_read_keyvault_secrets}
Detailed Solution:
List Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
List secrets:
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--output table
Expected output:
Name Enabled
---------------- --------
db-password True
api-token True
internal-flag True
Retrieve the flag secret:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--name internal-flag \
--query value \
--output tsv
Expected value:
Flag{managed_identity_can_read_keyvault_secrets}
Azure Key Vault can use Azure RBAC for secrets, keys, and certificates, including data-plane secret access.
NEW QUESTION # 17
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