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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Software Defined Access Network (SDAN) | - Network topology and service health - Subscriber and service management - Altiplano Access Controller - Corteca platform |
| Topic 2: Nokia fixed access portfolio | - FastMile FWA solutions - Lightspan FX and MF Optical Line Terminals - Home networking devices - Optical Network Terminals (ONTs) |
| Topic 3: Management interfaces and automation | - YANG data models - NETCONF - CLI fundamentals - Telemetry and automation concepts |
| Topic 4: Service delivery and operations | - Network monitoring and troubleshooting - Service provisioning - High-Speed Internet (HSI) - Voice, Internet and IPTV services |
| Topic 5: Fixed network architectures and broadband access | - FTTH and FTTx technologies - Broadband network architecture - Passive Optical Networks (PON) - Optical Distribution Network (ODN) - Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) |
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NEW QUESTION # 37
Which traffic-delivery method is commonly used for a live IPTV channel watched simultaneously by many subscribers?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Live IPTV channels are commonly distributed using multicast because many subscribers may request the same content at the same time. The network carries a shared stream across common paths and replicates packets only where delivery paths branch toward participating receivers. Subscribers signal membership using protocols such as IGMP. This approach is more bandwidth-efficient than delivering a separate unicast copy from the source to every viewer. Video on Demand is commonly delivered using unicast because each viewer may start, pause, or seek through different content independently. NETCONF notifications carry management events rather than television content. IPTV is packet-based and does not require a separate analog transmission for every copper pair. Effective multicast deployment also depends on correct group control, snooping, routing, QoS, and service-forwarding configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following statements correctly describes downstream and upstream transmission in a GPON network?
Answer: D
Explanation:
GPON uses different transmission methods in the downstream and upstream directions. In the downstream direction, the OLT sends a continuous stream through the passive optical splitter. This stream reaches every connected ONT, but each ONT processes only the frames intended for it. Encryption can protect subscriber traffic from other ONTs on the same PON. In the upstream direction, several ONTs share the same optical fiber and cannot transmit simultaneously without coordination. The OLT therefore assigns transmission opportunities using Time Division Multiple Access. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation can adjust these upstream grants according to traffic demand and service requirements. Separate fibers are not required for each subscriber because GPON commonly uses wavelength separation to carry downstream and upstream traffic over the same fiber infrastructure.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which Lightspan interface type normally connects an access node directly to subscriber-facing equipment?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A User Network Interface is the subscriber-facing interface through which an access node connects to customer-side equipment or services. Depending on the access technology, this relationship can involve ONTs, subscriber ports, or other access termination functions. A Network-to-Network Interface connects the access node toward another network device, typically the Ethernet aggregation or transport network. A subtending interface is used when one access node is connected through another access node, allowing the downstream node's traffic to reach the aggregation network through the upstream node. A loopback interface is a logical interface generally used for management, routing identification, or testing and is not a physical subscriber connection. Correctly distinguishing UNI, NNI, and subtending roles is essential when interpreting an access-node datapath.
NEW QUESTION # 40
Where should multicast traffic ideally be replicated in a bandwidth-efficient access network?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Multicast is bandwidth-efficient because one stream can be transported across shared network sections and replicated only where paths diverge toward interested receivers. Routers and multicast-aware switching functions use membership and forwarding information to determine which interfaces require a copy. This approach avoids sending a separate end-to-end unicast stream for every viewer and avoids flooding the content to subscribers who did not join the group. IGMP reports communicate receiver membership on IPv4 access networks, while IGMP snooping helps Layer 2 devices restrict forwarding to appropriate ports. Replicating content for every possible subscriber at the source would remove much of multicast's scaling advantage. Likewise, transmitting every stream on every access port would waste bandwidth and could expose receivers to large amounts of unwanted traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which component of a typical Optical Distribution Network requires no electrical power to perform its primary function?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A passive optical splitter divides an incoming optical signal into multiple output paths without requiring electrical power. It is a fundamental component of the Optical Distribution Network connecting an OLT to multiple ONTs or ONUs. The splitter does not regenerate, amplify, or actively switch the optical signal. Consequently, splitting introduces optical loss that must be considered when calculating the PON power budget. The OLT and ONT are active devices because they require power to transmit, receive, process, and convert signals. A residential gateway also requires power to provide functions such as routing, firewall enforcement, DHCP, Ethernet switching, and Wi-Fi connectivity. The use of passive splitters reduces the need for powered equipment in the outside plant, which can simplify field maintenance and lower operational costs.
NEW QUESTION # 42
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