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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Defense Mechanisms - DoS & DDoS Concepts - DDoS Tools - Attack Techniques & Botnets |
| Topic 2: Cryptography | 5% | - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptography in Practice - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms |
| Topic 3: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK |
| Topic 4: Enumeration | 7% | - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts - Enumeration Countermeasures - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration |
| Topic 5: Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Risks - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Best Practices |
| Topic 6: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Evasion Techniques - Honeypot Concepts & Detection |
| Topic 7: Social Engineering | 6% | - Social Engineering Concepts - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Identity Theft - Countermeasures & Awareness |
| Topic 8: Scanning Networks | 8% | - AI-Assisted Scanning - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Countermeasures - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Host & Port Discovery - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall |
| Topic 9: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls |
| Topic 10: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - OSINT Techniques - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - Reconnaissance Concepts |
| Topic 11: Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - AI-Powered Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - APT & Fileless Malware |
| Topic 12: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Session Hijacking Concepts - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Countermeasures - Hijacking Techniques |
| Topic 13: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Scanning & Analysis Tools |
| Topic 14: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Hacking Tools - Security Best Practices - Wireless Threats & Attacks |
| Topic 15: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Device Security - Mobile Attack Vectors |
| Topic 16: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - API Security Risks - Web Security Countermeasures - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Server Vulnerabilities |
| Topic 17: System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Privilege Escalation - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Clearing Tracks & Logs |
| Topic 18: Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - Packet Sniffing Concepts - Sniffing Countermeasures - MITM Attacks |
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NEW QUESTION # 36
During a security assessment of a cloud-hosted application using SOAP-based web services, a red team operator intercepts a legitimate SOAP request sent by a user. The operator duplicates the body of the message along with its digital signature, inserts the duplicate into the same SOAP envelope, and forwards it to the server. Due to improper validation of the message structure, the server accepts the duplicated body as authentic and processes it, resulting in unauthorized code execution. This behavior reveals a vulnerability in how the server handles signed SOAP messages. What type of attack does this scenario illustrate?
Answer: C
Explanation:
This is a SOAP wrapping attack, where an attacker duplicates or rearranges signed SOAP message elements within the same envelope to trick the server into processing a malicious payload while still validating the original digital signature.
NEW QUESTION # 37
A global media streaming platform experiences traffic surges every 10 minutes, with spikes over 300 Gbps followed by quiet intervals. Which DDoS attack explains this behavior?
Answer: B
Explanation:
This scenario clearly aligns with a Pulse Wave DDoS attack, a sophisticated denial-of-service technique described in CEH v13 Network and Perimeter Hacking. Unlike traditional volumetric DDoS attacks that rely on sustained flooding, pulse wave attacks deliver short, extremely high-volume bursts of traffic, followed by periods of inactivity.
The defining characteristics described-intermittent spikes exceeding 300 Gbps, regular intervals (every 10 minutes), and temporary recovery-are hallmark indicators of pulse wave attacks. CEH v13 explains that attackers use this method to overwhelm server resources, trigger auto-scaling failures, exhaust mitigation thresholds, and evade detection systems that rely on sustained traffic baselines.
Option A is incorrect because UDP floods are continuous. Option B (HTTP GET flood) targets the application layer with sustained requests. Option C (PDoS) permanently damages hardware, which does not match the recurring pattern.
Pulse wave attacks are particularly effective against large platforms like streaming services because they:
* Exploit elasticity limits of cloud infrastructure
* Confuse rate-based detection systems
* Cause repeated service degradation without long attack durations
CEH v13 emphasizes that pulse wave attacks are difficult to mitigate without adaptive, behavior-based DDoS protection. Therefore, Option D is the correct and CEH-aligned answer.
NEW QUESTION # 38
As a security analyst, you are testing your company's network for potential vulnerabilities. During your investigation, you suspect that an attacker might be using MAC flooding to compromise the switches and sniff network traffic. Which of the following indicators would most likely confirm your suspicions?
Answer: B
Explanation:
MAC flooding overwhelms a switch's CAM table by sending frames with many different source MAC addresses from a single port, causing the switch to associate numerous MAC addresses with that port and potentially revert to broadcast behavior, enabling traffic sniffing.
NEW QUESTION # 39
During a red team engagement, an ethical hacker is tasked with testing the security measures of an organization's wireless network. The hacker needs to select an appropriate tool to carry out a session hijacking attack. Which of the following tools should the hacker use to effectively perform session hijacking and subsequent security analysis, given that the target wireless network has the Wi-Fi Protected Access-preshared key (WPA-PSK) security protocol in place?
Answer: A
Explanation:
bettercap is a tool that can perform session hijacking attacks on wireless networks, among other network security and penetration testing tasks. bettercap can capture and manipulate network traffic, perform man-in- the-middle attacks, spoof and sniff protocols, inject custom payloads, and more1.
bettercap can perform session hijacking attacks on wireless networks that use the WPA-PSK security protocol by exploiting the four-way handshake process that occurs when a client connects to a wireless access point.
The four-way handshake is used to establish a shared encryption key between the client and the access point, based on the pre-shared key (PSK) that is configured on both devices. However, the four-way handshake also exposes some information that can be used to crack the PSK offline, such as the nonce values, the MAC addresses, and the message integrity code (MIC) of the packets2.
bettercap can capture the four-way handshake packets using its Wi-Fi module and save them in a file. The file can then be fed to a tool like Hashcat or Aircrack-ng to crack the PSK using brute force or dictionary attacks. Once the PSK is obtained, bettercap can use it to decrypt the wireless traffic and perform session hijacking attacks on the clients connected to the access point3.
Therefore, bettercap is an appropriate tool to carry out a session hijacking attack on a wireless network that uses the WPA-PSK security protocol.
References:
* bettercap: the Swiss Army knife for 802.11, BLE and Ethernet networks reconnaissance and MITM attacks
* How the WPA2 Enterprise Wireless Security Protocol Works
* Cracking WPA/WPA2 Passwords with Bettercap and Hashcat
NEW QUESTION # 40
In a tense red team exercise at a mid-sized university in Austin, Texas, an ethical hacker named Jake targeted a legacy Linux server in the engineering department. Late one afternoon, he discovered TCP port 2049 was open during his first sweep, suggesting hidden file-sharing capabilities. Intrigued, Jake used a standard utility to request a list of remote file systems shared across the network, aiming to map accessible resources.
Meanwhile, he idly checked for Telnet access and probed a time-sync service out of routine, but both proved fruitless on this host.
Which enumeration method is actively demonstrated in this scenario?
Answer: C
Explanation:
NFS Enumeration is the correct choice because the scenario is centered on TCP port 2049 and the use of a standard utility to list exported remote file systems. In CEH-aligned reconnaissance and enumeration, port
2049 is the primary service port for Network File System NFS. When a tester identifies 2049 as open on a Linux or UNIX-like host, a common next step is to enumerate NFS exports to learn which directories are shared and what access rules apply. The "standard utility" described is consistent with tools such as showmount, which queries the target to retrieve a list of exported file systems and, in some cases, the clients allowed to mount them. This directly supports the stated objective of "requesting a list of remote file systems shared across the network" to map accessible resources.
The distractor checks mentioned in the scenario reinforce why the answer is NFS. Telnet enumeration would relate to TCP 23 and interactive plaintext terminal access, not file-share exports. NTP enumeration aligns to UDP 123 and focuses on time synchronization information and server behavior, not shared directories. SNMP enumeration typically involves UDP 161 and extracts device and system details via community strings and management information bases. NetBIOS enumeration is associated with Windows networking services such as UDP 137 and TCP 139, which are unrelated to NFS on 2049.
Therefore, the active enumeration method demonstrated is NFS enumeration through export listing on TCP port 2049.
NEW QUESTION # 41
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