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The CIPS L4M2 course comprises of five modules, each covering a specific aspect of the procurement and supply chain management process. The modules are designed to build upon each other, providing learners with a comprehensive understanding of the procurement and supply chain management process. Upon completion of the course, individuals will have the skills required to effectively manage the procurement process from start to finish, ensuring maximum value for their organization.
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The CIPS L4M2 Exam covers a broad range of topics related to defining business needs, including understanding the strategic context, conducting market research, developing a business case, and evaluating options. By passing the CIPS L4M2 exam, professionals can demonstrate their ability to analyze complex business needs and develop procurement strategies that are effective and efficient. Defining Business Needs certification is also an excellent way to boost one's reputation in the industry and prove their commitment to ongoing professional development.
NEW QUESTION # 114
Which kind of these following costs belong to fixed costs? Select TWO that apply.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Based on variability, the costs has been classified into three categories, they are fixed, variable and semi variable. Fixed costs, as its name suggests, is fixed in total i.e. irrespective of the number of output produced. Variable costs vary with the number of output produced. Semi-variable is the type of costs, which have the characteristics of both fixed costs and variable costs (Source: Key Differences).
Among above costs, leasing and depreciation are relatively static and do not change if volume of business activities increase or reduce.
Packaging, utilities and annual business rate (tax) are variable costs.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 115
A procurement manager consolidates the company expense on printing and office supplies into broader range of spend category. Other senior managers are concerned that it may increase company's spend. Is that concern justified?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Printing and office supplies are often considered as low risk, low value items. Consolidation low value, low risk items into a broader range will dramatically increases the value of the contract and leverage of buying organisation in the negotiation.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 8-9
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 116
In Kano model, which of the following types of requirement should be excluded from the product or service?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Kano model of excitement and basic quality (Kano et al, 1984; Berger et al, 1993; Matzler et al, 1996) brings a different perspective for the analysis of improvement opportunities in products and services because it takes in consideration the asymmetrical and non-linear relationship between performance and satisfaction. The Kano model classifies customers requirements in three categories (figure 3):
a) Basic Requirements (or Must-be requirement). The basic requirements fulfill the basic func-tions of a product. If they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will be extremely dissatisfied.
On the other hand, if they are present or have sufficient performance, they don't bring satisfaction. Customers see them as prerequisites. For instance, for luxury automobiles, "air bags" are considered basic. A customer won't feel satisfied if the automobile has "air bag", however he/she will not buy it if "air bag" is not present.
b) Performance Requirements (or One-dimensional requirements). As for these requirements, satisfaction is proportional to the performance level - the higher the performance, the higher the customer's satisfaction will be and vice-versa. Gas consumption in automobiles is an example of these requirements. Usually customers explicitly demand performance requirements.
c) Excitement Requirements (or Attractive requirements). These requirements are key to cus-tomer satisfaction. If they are present or have sufficient performance, they will bring superior satisfaction. On the other hand, if they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will not get dissatisfied. For instance, a surprise gift at the end of a dinner in a restaurant will certainly bring satisfaction, but it will not cause dissatisfaction if not offered. These requirements are not demanded nor expected by customers.
Two other types of requirements may be identified in the Kano model: neutral and reverse ones. Neutral requirements do not bring either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Reverse require-ments bring more satisfaction if absent than if present.
Diagram Description automatically generated
Reference:
- Integrating Kano model and QFD for Designing New Products
- CIPS study guide page 171-172
NEW QUESTION # 117
Which of the following are most likely to increase the buyer's bargaining power?
1. Buyers are price sensitive
2. High set-up cost for new entrants
3. Threat of forward integration is high
4. Threat of backward integration is significant
Answer: A
Explanation:
Price sensitivity is the degree to which the price of a product affects consumers' purchasing behaviours. Buyer power will be stronger if buying organisation are price sensitive and vice versa.
Backward integration is a form of vertical integration in which a buying organisation expands its role to fulfil tasks formerly completed by businesses up the supply chain. Buyer power is strong if threat of backward integration is high.
Set-up cost is a determinant of threat of new entry. Some industries require very expensive assets in order to make products. The financial risk of entering the industry and not succeeding can deter many potential new entrants. The fewer new entrants, the fewer available substitutes, then the bar-gaining power of buyer can be negatively affected.
Forward integration is a business strategy that involves a form of vertical integration whereby business activities are expanded to include control of the direct distribution or supply of a compa-ny's products. Threat of forward integration is a determinant of supplier's bargaining power.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 88-91
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 118
Company A sells a product for $100. The total unit variable costs are $60. Fixed costs as in its ac-count are
$20,000. How many products does the company have to sell to achieve break-even point?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Break even point = Fixed costs/(Price-variable cost). In this case, break even point = 20,000/(100-60) = 500 Reference: CIPS study guide page 28-29 LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 119
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