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we will provide you with the best ISTQB CT-AI exam dumps. You can pass the ISTQB CT-AI exam with high marks with the help of the ISTQB CT-AI exam questions. These ISTQB CT-AI exam practice questions are designed and verified by experienced and qualified CT-AI Exam Preparation trainers. They work together and put all their expertise and knowledge while verifying CT-AI exam questions all the time.
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NEW QUESTION # 63
Which of the following is a problem with AI-generated test cases that are generated from the requirements?
Answer: B
Explanation:
AI-generated test cases are often created using machine learning (ML) models or heuristic algorithms. While these can be effective in generating large numbers of test cases quickly, they oftensuffer from the "test oracle problem."
* Test Oracle Problem:A test oracle is the mechanism used to determine the expected output of a test case. AI-generated test cases oftenlack expected resultsbecause AI-based tools do not inherently understand what the correct output should be.
* Difficulty in Verification:Without expected results, verifying test cases becomes challenging. Testers mustrely on heuristics, anomaly detection, or significant failures, rather than traditional pass/fail conditions.
* A (Slow Execution Time):AI-generated tests are typically automated and designed for efficiency. They are not inherently slow and often executefasterthan manually written tests.
* B (Defect-Prone Due to Nuance Issues):While AI-generated tests may struggle with some complexities in requirements, they primarilylack expected results, rather than failing due to an inability to detect nuances.
* C (Complicated Debugging Due to Many Steps):AI-generated testsreducedebugging complexity by limiting the number of steps required to reproduce failures.
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus (Section 11.3: Using AI for Test Case Generation)
* "AI-generated test cases often lack expected results, making it difficult to verify correctness without a test oracle.".
* "Verification often relies on detecting significant failures rather than having predefined expected results.".
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:Supporting References from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide:Conclusion:Since AI-generated test cases frequentlylack expected results, verification becomes difficult, requiring testers tofocus on major failuresrather than precise pass/fail conditions. Thus, thecorrect answer is D.
NEW QUESTION # 64
Which ONE of the following tests is MOST likely to describe a useful test to help detect different kinds of biases in ML pipeline?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detecting biases in the ML pipeline involves various tests to ensure fairness and accuracy throughout the ML process.
* Testing the distribution shift in the training data for inappropriate bias (A): This involves checking if there is any shift in the data distribution that could lead to bias in the model. It is an important test but not the most direct method for detecting biases.
* Test the model during model evaluation for data bias (B): This is a critical stage where the model is evaluated to detect any biases in the data it was trained on. It directly addresses potential data biases in the model.
* Testing the data pipeline for any sources for algorithmic bias (C): This test is crucial as it helps identify biases that may originate from the data processing and transformation stages within the pipeline. Detecting sources of algorithmic bias ensures that the model does not inherit biases from these processes.
* Check the input test data for potential sample bias (D): While this is an important step, it focuses more on the input data and less on the overall data pipeline.
Hence, the most likely useful test to help detect different kinds of biases in the ML pipeline isB. Test the model during model evaluation for data bias.
References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 8.3 on Testing for Algorithmic, Sample, and Inappropriate Bias discusses various tests that can be performed to detect biases at different stages of the ML pipeline.
* Sample Exam Questions document, Question #32 highlights the importance of evaluating the model for biases.
NEW QUESTION # 65
A startup company has implemented a new facial recognition system for a banking application for mobile devices. The application is intended to learn at run-time on the device to determine if the user should be granted access. It also sends feedback over the Internet to the application developers. The application deployment resulted in continuous restarts of the mobile devices.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the failure?
Answer: D
Explanation:
\
Facial recognition applications involvecomplex computational tasks, including:
* Feature Extraction- Identifying unique facial landmarks.
* Model Training and Updates- Continuous learning and adaptation of user data.
* Image Processing- Handling real-time image recognition under various lighting and angles.
In this scenario, themobile device is experiencing continuous restarts, which suggestsa resource overloadcaused by excessive processing demands.
* Mobile devices have limited computational power.
* Unlike servers, mobile devices lack powerful GPUs/TPUs required for deep learning models.
* On-device learning is computationally expensive.
* The model is likely performingreal-time learning, which can overwhelm the CPU and RAM.
* Continuous feedback transmission may cause overheating.
* If the system is running multiple processes-training, inference, and network communication-it can overload system resources and cause crashes.
* (A) The feedback requires a physical connection and cannot be sent over the Internet.#(Incorrect)
* Feedback transmission over the internet is common for cloud-based AI services.This is not the cause of the issue.
* (B) Mobile operating systems cannot process machine learning algorithms.#(Incorrect)
* Many mobile applications use ML models efficiently. The problem here is thehigh computational intensity, not the OS's ability to run ML algorithms.
* (C) The size of the application is consuming too much of the phone's storage capacity.#(Incorrect)
* Storage issues typically result in installation failures or lag,not device restarts.The issue here isprocessing overload, not storage space.
* AI-based applications require significant computational power."The computational intensity of AI- based applications can pose a challenge when deployed on resource-limited devices."
* Edge devices may struggle with processing complex ML workloads."Deploying AI models on mobile or edge devices requires optimization, as these devices have limited processing capabilities compared to cloud environments." Why is Option D Correct?Why Other Options are Incorrect?References from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study GuideThus,option D is the correct answer, as thecomputational demands of the facial recognition system are too high for the mobile hardware to handle, causing continuous restarts.
NEW QUESTION # 66
A car insurance company is using a new AI service to reward defensive driving behavior among its policyholders. The driving behavior is recorded in a rating number (score).
The AI service determines this score from the following input values:
Reference speed v_max in km/h
Average speed v_mean in km/h
Average acceleration a_pos in m/sΒ²
Average braking deceleration a_neg in m/sΒ²
The more defensive the driving behavior is (slow driving, low acceleration, low braking deceleration), the higher is the score.
Three initial test cases (Test 1 to Test 3) are used for testing the AI service. In addition, new test cases A-D are proposed.
Which of the new tests is NOT a follow-up test case for metamorphic testing?
Choose ONE option! (1 out of 4)
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to the ISTQB CT-AI syllabus,metamorphic testingworks by applyingmetamorphic relations (MRs): predictable input transformations that should lead to predictable output changes. From the initial test data, clear relations emerge for defensive driving scoring. The score increases when:
* v_mean decreases,
* a_pos decreases,
* a_neg becomes less negative,and decreases when the opposite occurs.
A valid metamorphic follow-up test must modify inputs in a direction consistent with at least one MR while keeping the expected output direction predictable.
Test Alowers v_mean compared to Test 1, with similar acceleration values. This directly satisfies the MR that lower speed # higher score.
Test Cincreases both acceleration and braking intensity compared to Test 2, making the reduced score range (30-70) consistent with more aggressive driving.
Test Dmodifies acceleration and braking magnitudes in ways consistent with Test 3's defensive-driving scoring boundaries.
Test B, however, changes multiple variables in contradictory directions:
* v_mean increases (worse)
* a_pos increases (worse)
* a_neg becomes less negative (better)
Because these changes conflict,the expected score trend becomes unpredictable, violating the premise of a metamorphic follow-up test.
ThusTest B cannot be considered a metamorphic follow-up, which makesOption Ccorrect.
NEW QUESTION # 67
A bank wants to use an algorithm to determine which applicants should be given a loan. The bank hires a data scientist to construct a logistic regression model to predict whether the applicant will repay the loan or not.
The bank has enough data on past customers to randomly split the data into a training dataset and a test
/validation dataset. A logistic regression model is constructed on the training dataset using the following independent variables:
* Gender
* Marital status
* Number of dependents
* Education
* Income
* Loan amount
* Loan term
* Credit score
The model reveals that those with higher credit scores and larger total incomes are more likely to repay their loans. The data scientist has suggested that there might be bias present in the model based on previous models created for other banks.
Given this information, what is the best test approach to check for potential bias in the model?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The syllabus mentions that experience-based testing and EDA are effective for detecting biases:
"Experience-based testing can be used to verify that the training dataset is operationally relevant and identify potential sources of bias. EDA is also useful for exploring the data and understanding any relationships that might lead to bias in the model." (Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 8.3, page 58 of 99)
NEW QUESTION # 68
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