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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Modules and Packaging | 5% | - Module system: module-info.java, exports, requires, provides, uses - Create and use JAR files, modular and non-modular builds |
| Topic 2: Handling Date, Time, Text, Numeric and Boolean Values | 12% | - Use Date-Time API: LocalDate, LocalTime, LocalDateTime, Period, Duration, Instant, ZonedDateTime - Use primitives and wrapper classes, evaluate expressions and apply type conversions - Manipulate text, text blocks, String, StringBuilder and StringBuffer |
| Topic 3: Controlling Program Flow | 10% | - Loops: for, enhanced for, while, do-while, break, continue, return - Decision constructs: if-else, switch expressions and statements, pattern matching |
| Topic 4: Handling Exceptions | 8% | - Exception hierarchy, try-catch-finally, multi-catch, try-with-resources - Create and use custom exceptions, throw, throws |
| Topic 5: Working with Arrays and Collections | 12% | - Declare, instantiate, initialize, use arrays and multidimensional arrays - Collections Framework: List, Set, Map, Deque, Queue, sorting, searching |
| Topic 6: Advanced Features and Annotations | 3% | - Generics, type parameters, wildcards, type erasure - Annotations, built-in annotations, custom annotations |
| Topic 7: Concurrency and Multithreading | 10% | - Thread lifecycle, Runnable, Callable, ExecutorService, virtual threads - Synchronization, locks, concurrent collections, thread safety |
| Topic 8: Functional Programming and Streams | 15% | - Lambda expressions, functional interfaces, method references - Stream API: create, intermediate/terminal operations, parallel streams, grouping, partitioning - Optional class, primitive streams |
| Topic 9: Using Object-Oriented Concepts | 20% | - Inheritance, abstract classes, sealed classes, interfaces, polymorphism - Enums, nested classes, local variable type inference - Classes, records, objects, constructors, initializers, methods, fields, encapsulation - Overloading, overriding, Object class methods, immutable objects |
| Topic 10: Java I/O and Localization | 5% | - File I/O, NIO.2, streams, readers/writers, serialization - Resource bundles, locale, formatting messages, numbers, dates |
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NEW QUESTION # 19
Given:
java
public class SpecialAddition extends Addition implements Special {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new SpecialAddition().add());
}
int add() {
return --foo + bar--;
}
}
class Addition {
int foo = 1;
}
interface Special {
int bar = 1;
}
What is printed?
Answer: D
Explanation:
1. Why does the compilation fail?
* The interface Special contains bar as int bar = 1;.
* In Java, all interface fields are implicitly public, static, and final.
* This means that bar is a constant (final variable).
* The method add() contains bar--, which attempts to modify bar.
* Since bar is final, it cannot be modified, causing acompilation error.
2. Correcting the Code
To make the code compile, bar must not be final. One way to fix this:
java
class SpecialImpl implements Special {
int bar = 1;
}
Or modify the add() method:
java
int add() {
return --foo + bar; // No modification of bar
}
Thus, the correct answer is:Compilation fails.
References:
* Java SE 21 - Interfaces
* Java SE 21 - Final Variables
NEW QUESTION # 20
Given:
java
Map<String, Integer> map = Map.of("b", 1, "a", 3, "c", 2);
TreeMap<String, Integer> treeMap = new TreeMap<>(map);
System.out.println(treeMap);
What is the output of the given code fragment?
Answer: E
Explanation:
In this code, a Map named map is created using Map.of with the following key-value pairs:
* "b": 1
* "a": 3
* "c": 2
The Map.of method returns an immutable map containing these mappings.
Next, a TreeMap named treeMap is instantiated by passing the map to its constructor:
java
TreeMap<String, Integer> treeMap = new TreeMap<>(map);
The TreeMap constructor with a Map parameter creates a new tree map containing the same mappings as the given map, ordered according to the natural ordering of its keys. In Java, the natural ordering for String keys is lexicographical order.
Therefore, the TreeMap will store the entries in the following order:
* "a": 3
* "b": 1
* "c": 2
When System.out.println(treeMap); is executed, it outputs the TreeMap in its natural order, resulting in:
r
{a=3, b=1, c=2}
Thus, the correct answer is option F: {a=3, b=1, c=2}.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Given:
java
int post = 5;
int pre = 5;
int postResult = post++ + 10;
int preResult = ++pre + 10;
System.out.println("postResult: " + postResult +
", preResult: " + preResult +
", Final value of post: " + post +
", Final value of pre: " + pre);
What is printed?
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Understanding post++ (Post-increment)
* post++uses the value first, then increments it.
* postResult = post++ + 10;
* post starts as 5.
* post++ returns 5, then post is incremented to 6.
* postResult = 5 + 10 = 15.
* Final value of post after this line is 6.
* Understanding ++pre (Pre-increment)
* ++preincrements the value first, then uses it.
* preResult = ++pre + 10;
* pre starts as 5.
* ++pre increments pre to 6, then returns 6.
* preResult = 6 + 10 = 16.
* Final value of pre after this line is 6.
Thus, the final output is:
yaml
postResult: 15, preResult: 16, Final value of post: 6, Final value of pre: 6 References:
* Java SE 21 - Operators and Expressions
* Java SE 21 - Arithmetic Operators
NEW QUESTION # 22
Given:
java
void verifyNotNull(Object input) {
boolean enabled = false;
assert enabled = true;
assert enabled;
System.out.println(input.toString());
assert input != null;
}
When does the given method throw a NullPointerException?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the verifyNotNull method, the following operations are performed:
* Assertion to Enable Assertions:
java
boolean enabled = false;
assert enabled = true;
assert enabled;
* The variable enabled is initially set to false.
* The first assertion assert enabled = true; assigns true to enabled if assertions are enabled. If assertions are disabled, this assignment does not occur.
* The second assertion assert enabled; checks if enabled is true. If assertions are enabled and the previous assignment occurred, this assertion passes. If assertions are disabled, this assertion is ignored.
* Dereferencing the input Object:
java
System.out.println(input.toString());
* This line attempts to call the toString() method on the input object. If input is null, this will throw a NullPointerException.
* Assertion to Check input for null:
java
assert input != null;
* This assertion checks that input is not null. If input is null and assertions are enabled, this assertion will fail, throwing an AssertionError. If assertions are disabled, this assertion is ignored.
Analysis:
* If Assertions Are Enabled:
* The enabled variable is set to true by the first assertion, and the second assertion passes.
* If input is null, calling input.toString() will throw a NullPointerException before the final assertion is reached.
* If input is not null, input.toString() executes without issue, and the final assertion assert input != null; passes.
* If Assertions Are Disabled:
* The enabled variable remains false, but the assertions are ignored, so this has no effect.
* If input is null, calling input.toString() will throw a NullPointerException.
* If input is not null, input.toString() executes without issue.
Conclusion:
A NullPointerException is thrown if input is null, regardless of whether assertions are enabled or disabled.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
C: Only if assertions are disabled and the input argument is null
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which two of the following aren't the correct ways to create a Stream?
Answer: E,F
NEW QUESTION # 24
......
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