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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Professional Practice | - Ethics and patient confidentiality (HIPAA) - Communication and professionalism |
| Topic 2: Specimen Processing and Handling | - Specimen transport and storage - Quality control and rejection criteria - Labeling and documentation |
| Topic 3: Safety and Compliance | - Needlestick prevention and biohazard disposal - Infection control and PPE usage - OSHA standards and safety protocols |
| Topic 4: Patient Preparation | - Explaining procedures and obtaining consent - Patient identification and communication - Site selection and preparation |
| Topic 5: Specimen Collection | - Capillary puncture procedures - Venipuncture techniques - Order of draw and tube handling |
>> Phlebotomy-Technician模擬問題集 <<
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質問 # 119
A patient calls about their laboratory results, which the phlebotomist has just retrieved from the office fax machine. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
正解：C
解説：
The phlebotomist should give the report to the requesting provider to review and notify the patient. Laboratory results are protected health information and often require clinical interpretation. A phlebotomist should not independently review, interpret, or communicate diagnostic results unless facility policy specifically authorizes a defined action. Telling the patient the results directly can create legal, privacy, and clinical risks, especially if the result is abnormal or requires medical explanation. Asking a laboratory supervisor to interpret and report the results is also inappropriate unless that person is the authorized provider or designated reporting professional. Telling the patient to pick up results may violate release-of-information procedures and still bypass provider review. The safe workflow is to route the report to the ordering provider or authorized clinical team for interpretation, documentation, and patient notification. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; communication of results; confidentiality; HIPAA; scope of practice; postanalytical handling. NHA CPT competencies include legal responsibilities, patient confidentiality, documentation, and result communication workflows.
質問 # 120
A blood specimen is rejected by the laboratory for testing. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
正解：A
解説：
The phlebotomist should contact the patient to repeat the venipuncture collection, following facility policy and provider notification procedures. A rejected specimen cannot be tested reliably, so the practical correction is recollection using the proper tube, volume, labeling, handling, and transport requirements. Waiting until the next yearly visit is unacceptable because the ordered test was needed for current clinical care. Shredding documentation is improper unless performed under approved records-management procedures, and it does not solve the missing valid specimen. Sending laboratory results by mail is impossible or inappropriate when the specimen was rejected and no valid result exists. Specimen rejection usually results from preanalytical problems such as wrong tube, insufficient volume, hemolysis, clotting in an anticoagulant tube, unlabeled or mislabeled specimen, expired supplies, improper temperature, or delayed transport. The phlebotomist's job is to correct the collection failure promptly and prevent recurrence. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; specimen rejection; recollection; preanalytical error; specimen integrity.
質問 # 121
Which of the following patient positions is safest for a patient who reports a history of fainting during blood draws?
正解：A
解説：
A patient with a history of fainting should be positioned reclining or lying down before collection. Syncope is a common phlebotomy complication and can lead to falls, head injury, needle injury, or specimen loss if the patient is not positioned safely. Standing is never appropriate for venipuncture because a fainting patient can collapse. Sitting on an unsupported exam table is also unsafe because the patient may fall from a height. Sitting with legs crossed can affect circulation and does not protect against syncope. The phlebotomist should ask about prior fainting, observe the patient's color and behavior, explain the procedure calmly, and stop the draw if the patient becomes pale, diaphoretic, dizzy, nauseated, or unresponsive. If syncope occurs, the phlebotomist should remove the needle when safe, activate the safety device, call for assistance, lower the patient's head or follow facility policy, and monitor the patient until help arrives. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; syncope prevention; patient positioning; adverse reactions; venipuncture safety.
質問 # 122
Which of the following veins is usually the last choice for antecubital venipuncture?
正解：D
解説：
The basilic vein is usually the last choice for antecubital venipuncture. The median cubital vein is preferred because it is typically large, well anchored, superficial, and less likely to roll. The cephalic vein is commonly the second choice when the median cubital is unavailable. The basilic vein is used cautiously because it lies closer to the brachial artery and median nerve, creating greater risk if the needle is inserted too deeply or inaccurately. The dorsal metacarpal veins are hand veins, not antecubital veins, and may be used when antecubital access is unavailable, often with a butterfly needle and shallow angle. This question tests anatomical risk control. A phlebotomist must not simply pick the most visible vein; they must evaluate vein safety, depth, direction, resilience, patient history, and contraindications such as IV sites, edema, burns, scars, hematomas, fistulas, and mastectomy restrictions. Proper site selection reduces pain, nerve injury, arterial puncture, hematoma, and recollection risk. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; antecubital anatomy; vein selection; basilic vein risk.
質問 # 123
A phlebotomist should identify which of the following as the best site for phenylketonuria collection on an infant?
正解：A
解説：
The best site for phenylketonuria, or PKU, collection on an infant is the medial or lateral plantar surface of the heel. PKU screening is a newborn metabolic screening test commonly collected by heel stick onto filter paper. The medial and lateral heel areas are selected because they provide adequate capillary blood flow while reducing the risk of puncturing bone. The central area of the heel is unsafe because the calcaneus may be closer to the puncture site, increasing the risk of bone injury or osteomyelitis. Fingertip puncture is inappropriate for infants because the tissue is small, bone is close to the surface, and the site does not provide the recommended specimen collection area for newborn screening. Proper PKU collection also requires warming the heel when indicated, allowing blood to flow freely, filling filter-paper circles completely from one side, avoiding layering, and allowing the specimen to dry properly before transport. NHA CPT special collection content includes collecting blood for metabolic syndromes such as PKU, filter-paper collection techniques, pediatric considerations, and minimum/maximum volume requirements. Reference topics: Special Collections; PKU collection; infant heel puncture; filter-paper specimen collection.
質問 # 124
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