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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Specimen Collection | - Venipuncture techniques - Order of draw and tube handling - Capillary puncture procedures |
| Topic 2: Specimen Processing and Handling | - Quality control and rejection criteria - Labeling and documentation - Specimen transport and storage |
| Topic 3: Professional Practice | - Communication and professionalism - Ethics and patient confidentiality (HIPAA) |
| Topic 4: Patient Preparation | - Patient identification and communication - Explaining procedures and obtaining consent - Site selection and preparation |
| Topic 5: Safety and Compliance | - Needlestick prevention and biohazard disposal - Infection control and PPE usage - OSHA standards and safety protocols |
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114. Frage
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take after removing the needle from a venipuncture site?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
After removing the needle, the phlebotomist should apply pressure with clean gauze. Direct pressure supports hemostasis and reduces bruising, bleeding, and hematoma formation. Asking the patient to bend the elbow tightly is incorrect because it can increase pressure at the puncture site and promote hematoma formation or continued bleeding under the skin. Recapping the needle is unsafe and increases needlestick risk; the safety device should be activated and the needle discarded in an approved sharps container. Labeling the tube cap only is also incorrect because caps can be removed or switched. The specimen label must be placed on the tube or container itself according to facility policy. After pressure is applied, the phlebotomist should check that bleeding has stopped before applying a bandage, especially for patients on anticoagulants or with bleeding disorders. Post-procedure care is not an afterthought; it is part of patient safety and specimen workflow. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; needle removal; post-procedure care; hemostasis; labeling requirements.
115. Frage
A phlebotomist asks a patient to state their full name and date of birth. Which of the following patient safety practices is the phlebotomist performing?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The phlebotomist is performing two-identifier verification. Correct patient identification requires using at least two approved identifiers, commonly full name and date of birth or medical record number. The patient should actively state the identifiers when able, rather than merely confirming information read aloud by the phlebotomist. This reduces the risk of wrong-patient collection and specimen mislabeling. Chain of custody is used for legal specimens such as forensic drug or alcohol testing and involves documenting specimen control from collection through testing. Therapeutic communication describes respectful, effective interaction with the patient but is not the specific safety practice being tested. Quality control calibration applies to instruments or testing systems, not patient identification. Patient identification is one of the most important steps in phlebotomy because every later step depends on it. A properly collected specimen is clinically useless and dangerous if it belongs to the wrong patient. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; patient identification; two identifiers; specimen labeling; patient safety.
116. Frage
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take immediately after blood splashes into their eye?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The phlebotomist should immediately flush the eye with water at an eyewash station. Blood exposure to mucous membranes is a bloodborne pathogen exposure incident and requires immediate decontamination before administrative steps. Wiping the eye with gauze is inadequate and can irritate tissue or fail to remove infectious material. Continuing patient collections delays treatment and increases occupational risk. Applying antibiotic ointment is outside the phlebotomist's role and does not replace proper exposure response. After flushing, the phlebotomist must report the incident according to facility policy, complete required documentation, and obtain occupational health follow-up. This may include source-patient evaluation, baseline testing, and post-exposure prophylaxis assessment when indicated. The correct professional sequence is decontaminate first, report immediately, document accurately, and follow the exposure-control plan. This question tests standard precautions, exposure control, OSHA-related safety obligations, and emergency response in the phlebotomy environment. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; bloodborne pathogen exposure; mucous membrane exposure; eyewash use; incident reporting.
117. Frage
Which of the following practices violates standard precautions?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Reusing a tourniquet visibly contaminated with blood violates standard precautions. Any reusable equipment contaminated with blood must be cleaned and disinfected according to facility policy, and single-use items must be discarded. Blood is treated as potentially infectious regardless of the patient's diagnosis or appearance. Wearing gloves during venipuncture is correct practice. Treating all blood as potentially infectious is the core principle of standard precautions. Washing hands after glove removal is also required because gloves can have microscopic defects or hands can become contaminated during removal. A contaminated tourniquet can transfer bloodborne pathogens or other organisms to patients, staff, and surfaces. Phlebotomists should inspect equipment before use, avoid placing supplies on contaminated surfaces, use disposable tourniquets when required, and disinfect reusable items appropriately. Infection-control failures often occur through routine shortcuts, not dramatic emergencies. This question tests whether the technician understands standard precautions as everyday behavior, not just PPE vocabulary. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; standard precautions; reusable equipment; blood contamination; infection prevention.
118. Frage
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take when preparing a specimen for transport?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
When preparing a specimen for transport, the phlebotomist should keep the tube with the stopper upright whenever practical. Upright positioning helps reduce leakage risk, prevents specimen contact with the stopper area more than necessary, and supports safe handling during movement to the laboratory or processing area. Refrigerating infectious substances is not a universal transport rule; temperature requirements depend on the ordered test and specimen handling instructions. Agitating a tube vigorously is incorrect because it can cause hemolysis, clot disruption, foaming, or cellular damage. Additive tubes are mixed by gentle inversion according to manufacturer guidance, not shaking. Wrapping multiple tubes together is also poor practice because tubes should be protected from breakage, leakage, and cross-contamination using proper specimen transport bags, absorbent material when required, and separated compartments when applicable. Proper transport preserves analyte stability, patient safety, and biohazard control. NHA CPT processing content includes preparing specimens for testing or transport, maintaining specimen integrity based on temperature, light, or time requirements, and following handling, storage, transportation, and disposal requirements. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; specimen transport; tube handling; specimen integrity.
119. Frage
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