CIPS L4M2学習資料 & L4M2日本語認定対策

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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Legal and regulatory considerations10-15%- Legislation affecting requirements definition
  • 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards
- Sustainability and ethical requirements
  • 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria
Topic 2: Stakeholder management in defining needs15-20%- Communicate and consult with stakeholders
  • 1. Methods for gathering requirements
  • 2. Resolving conflicting requirements
- Align needs with organisational objectives
  • 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution
- Identify and classify stakeholders
  • 1. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
  • 2. Internal vs external stakeholders
Topic 3: Market management in procurement and supply20-25%- Assess market forces and trends
  • 1. Global vs local market conditions
  • 2. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
  • 3. Supply and demand dynamics
- Analyse market structures and competition
  • 1. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition
  • 2. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies
- Evaluate market information sources
  • 1. Supplier intelligence and market research
  • 2. Industry reports, government data, trade journals
Topic 4: Use specifications in procurement and supply20-25%- Types of specifications
  • 1. Output/outcome-based specifications
  • 2. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards
  • 3. Conformance vs performance specifications
- Advantages and limitations of specification types
  • 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact
- Sources for developing specifications
  • 1. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
  • 2. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements
Topic 5: Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally20-25%- Criteria for creating business cases
  • 1. Benchmarking requirements
  • 2. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales
- Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities
  • 1. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
  • 2. Market data sources for cost/price information
  • 3. Cost estimation and budgeting methods
  • 4. Direct and indirect costs
- Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
  • 1. Budget performance and variance management
  • 2. Purpose and structure of budgets
  • 3. Cash flow and cost entries
- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
  • 1. Impact of business needs on purchase types
  • 2. Procurement's role in developing business cases
  • 3. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy

>> CIPS L4M2学習資料 <<

有効的なL4M2学習資料 & 合格スムーズL4M2日本語認定対策 | 大人気L4M2コンポーネント

CIPSの認定資格を取得しようと懸命に努力している方もいらっしゃるかもしれませんが、当然、1つのレベルの重要な指標の1つに対する評価になります。 仕事を探すとき、もちろん、多くの会社は、It-Passports人事マネージャーがあなたの能力を証明するためにL4M2認定を取得した志願者に何を求めるのか、したがって、私たちが得た知識を証明するために他の方法を使用する必要があります L4M2テスト準備を取得して資格証明書を取得し、包括的な能力のすべての側面を示すなど、大学で勉強しますDefining Business Needs試験ガイドは、短期間で完璧に自分を証明するのに役立ちます。 そして効率的に。

CIPS Defining Business Needs 認定 L4M2 試験問題 (Q319-Q324):

質問 # 319
Ray is a procurement officer working for a medium-sized enterprise. Ray is due to renew the IT support package for one of the company's software systems, which is used for selling a niche, but important product.
Tech Solutions are the only supplier who can provide support for this specialist software. The software support package represents only 3% of Tech Solutions' overall sales income, however. Ray and Tech Solutions have an effective working relationship Which statement below describes the bargaining power in this situation?

正解：B


質問 # 320
A garment manufacturer supplies global retailers with t-shirts, shirts, and linen trousers. Because of currency fluctuations, the manufacturer is aware that they must control their direct costs in order to ensure profits.
Which of the following is a direct cost for the garment manufacturer?

正解：C

解説：
Detailed Explanation:
Cotton fabric is a direct cost because it is directly attributable to the production of the garments. Costs like rent, utilities, and payroll are indirect costs associated with running the business. Reference: CIPS Level 4, Cost Categorization in Procurement.


質問 # 321
Which of the following are likely to be disadvantages of using outcome-based specifications? Select THREE that apply

正解：B、D、E

解説：
An Outcome Based Specification (OBS) focuses on the desired outcome of a service in business terms, rather than a detailed technical specification of how the service is to be provided; this allows providers scope to propose innovative solutions that might not have occurred to the procurement team. Outcome should be distinguished from output, which is the measurable results of a set of inputs. The example of difference between outcome and output is written at the bottom of page 123 in the study guide.
Outcomes should be the starting point in making new specification. However, using outcome-based specification has some setbacks:
- First, it is not easy to measure the outcomes. Usually, outcome of a project is a statement like 'increase customer satisfaction', 'maintain ambient temperature' or 'provide a convenient way to do something'. They are not easy to measure as output.
- Second, sometimes the desired outcomes require time to be materialised
- Third, outcomes can be ambiguous
Reference:
LO3, AC 3.1


質問 # 322
Which of the following is an advantage of competitive benchmarking over other types of bench-marking?

正解：A

解説：
Competitive benchmarking
Competitive benchmarking is a direct competitor-to-competitor comparison of a product, service, process, or method. This form of benchmarking provides an opportunity to know yourself and your competition better; combine forces against another common competitor. An example of competitive benchmarking within the Department of Defense, might include contrasting Army and Air Force supply systems for Joint initiatives.
Within the private sector, two or more American car companies might benchmark for mutual benefit against common international competitor; or, rival chemical companies benchmark for environmental compliance.
Benefits
- Comparing like processes
- Know your competition better
- Possible partnership
- Useful for planning and setting goals
- Similar regulatory issues
Challenges
- Difficult legal issues
- Relatively low performance improvement
- Threatening
- Limited by trade secrets
- May provide misleading information
- May not get best-in-class comparisons
- Competitors could capitalize on your weaknesses
Source: USN Benchmarking Handbook
Reference: CIPS study guide page 50
LO 1, AC 1.3


質問 # 323
A company has a lists of items that make up 15% of total spend. These items also do not largely impact on quality of final product. The supply continuity is secured. Which of the following will be the most appropriate managing approach to purchase these items?

正解：C

解説：

Those items make up small portion of spend and the supply risk is low. So it is tactical item according to Kraljic portfolio matrix. Procurement should bundle these items into larger contracts, simplify procurement process.
LO 2, AC 2.1


質問 # 324
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L4M2日本語認定対策: https://www.it-passports.com/L4M2.html

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