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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - Initial patient assessment - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions - Airway, breathing, and circulation management - General patient impression and priority determination |
| Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Communication with receiving facilities - Medical and trauma care interventions - Patient packaging and transport procedures - Medication administration and protocols |
| Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Vital signs and monitoring - Symptom assessment and history taking - Focused history and physical exam |
| EMS Operations | 10–14% | - EMS system roles and responsibilities - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations - Documentation and legal aspects - Emergency vehicle operations and safety |
| Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness - Scene assessment and safety protocols - Hazard recognition and management |
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NEW QUESTION # 74
A 60-year-old patient has severe pain in the right hip after falling down four stairs. They have deformity and shortening of the right leg. The vital signs are BP 164/88, P 90, R 18, and SpO# 96% on room air. What actions should the EMT take for this patient? Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on NREMT standards):
The patient's signs-hip pain, deformity, and leg shortening-are consistent with a proximal femur or hip fracture. NREMT trauma care emphasizes immobilization, pain reduction, and prevention of further injury.
Option C (Apply mild traction) is appropriate to reduce muscle spasm and pain when a femur fracture is suspected and no contraindications are present.
Option D (Splint with blankets and pillows) is correct because soft splinting stabilizes the injury and limits movement during transport.
Option A is not required because oxygen saturation is adequate.
Option B is contraindicated because leg elevation may worsen pain or bleeding.
Option E is reserved for unstable pelvic fractures, not isolated hip fractures.
NREMT emphasizes gentle handling, immobilization, and rapid transport for suspected hip fractures.
NEW QUESTION # 75
The most common finding in a patient who is experiencing a sickle cell crisis is
Answer: C
Explanation:
Sickle cell crisis (vaso-occlusive crisis) occurs when abnormally shaped red blood cells obstruct blood flow, leading to:
* Severe localized or generalized pain (most common symptom)
* Often in the back, chest, abdomen, or long bones
Hypoxia may be a contributing factor, but pain is the most reported reason for EMS activation. Cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension are not primary symptoms of sickle cell crisis.
References:
NREMT Medical Guidelines - Hematologic Disorders
AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation (11th ed.) - Chapter on Hematologic Emergencies National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute - Sickle Cell Disease Management
NEW QUESTION # 76
An EMT has been assigned as the treatment supervisor at a mass casualty incident. Which of the following actions should the EMT perform?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. Ensure that secondary triage is completed.
Role of Treatment Supervisor in MCI (Mass Casualty Incident):
In the Incident Command System (ICS), responsibilities are divided:
* Triage Supervisor # performs initial triage
* Treatment Supervisor # manages patient care after triage
* Transport Supervisor # coordinates transport to hospitals
* Staging Officer # manages personnel/equipment staging
Primary responsibility of Treatment Supervisor:
* Oversee treatment areas (Immediate, Delayed, Minor)
* Ensure patients are reassessed and re-triaged (secondary triage)
* Monitor patient conditions and prioritize care
NREMT-aligned guidance states:
* "The treatment supervisor is responsible for patient care and reassessment."
* "Secondary triage is performed in the treatment area."
Why D is correct:
* Secondary triage ensures patients are:
* Reevaluated
* Properly prioritized as conditions change
* This is a core responsibility of the treatment supervisor
Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. Command triage personnel# Responsibility of the Triage Supervisor
* B. Establish staging area# Responsibility of the Staging Officer
* C. Coordinate transportation# Responsibility of the Transport Supervisor Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
* "Treatment unit is responsible for treatment and secondary triage."
* "Transport officer coordinates patient movement to hospitals."
* "Staging manages resources and personnel."
Clinical Priority Summary:
The treatment supervisor's primary role is to manage patient care and ensure ongoing reassessment, including secondary triage, making D the correct answer.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - EMS Operations (Mass Casualty Incidents & ICS) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) FEMA Incident Command System (ICS) Guidelines (aligned with NREMT)
NEW QUESTION # 77
A 3-year-old patient has a nontraumatic nosebleed. Which of the following actions should the EMT perform?
Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and B because standard EMT care for epistaxis (nosebleed) includes having the patient lean forward and applying direct pressure by pinching the nostrils .
Leaning forward prevents blood from draining into the airway or stomach, reducing the risk of aspiration or vomiting. Pinching the nostrils provides direct pressure to control bleeding , which is the primary intervention emphasized in NREMT-aligned bleeding control guidelines.
Send the next question.
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which of the following would potentially complicate patient care during a helicopter transport?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Theposition of the patient's headwithin the aircraft affectsaccess to airway managementandcrew maneuverability. If the head is oriented away from providers or toward a non-accessible bulkhead, this can delay critical interventions(airway suctioning, ventilations).
Use of air splints, maintaining oxygen saturation, or environmental humidity are not major complications relative tophysical positioningandin-cabin access limitations.
References:
NREMT EMS Operations - Air Medical Transport
NAEMSP (National Association of EMS Physicians): Air Medical Guidelines EMS Helicopter Safety Protocols - FAA Advisory Circulars
NEW QUESTION # 79
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