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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies | 20% | - Antenna concepts and types
|
| WLAN Network Architecture and Design Concepts | 15% | - WLAN deployment architectures
|
| WLAN Network Security | 15% | - Authentication and encryption
|
| WLAN Protocols and Devices | 20% | - Wireless hardware and software
|
| WLAN Regulations and Standards | 15% | - IEEE 802.11 standards and amendments
|
| WLAN Troubleshooting and Management | 15% | - Performance and connectivity issues
|
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NEW QUESTION # 164
Which IEEE 802.11 physical layer (PHY) specification includes support for and compatibility with both ERP and HR/DSSS?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The HT (802.11n) physical layer (PHY) specification includes support for and compatibility with both ERP and HR/DSSS. ERP stands for Extended Rate PHY, which is an extension of the original DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) PHY that supports data rates up to 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band. HR/DSSS stands for High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, which is another extension of DSSS that supports data rates up to 11 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band. HT stands for High Throughput, which is a new PHY that supports data rates up to 600 Mbps in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands. HT uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) as its modulation scheme, but it also supports legacy DSSS and ERP devices by using a dual preamble and header structure that allows backward compatibility. References: , Chapter 3, page 103; , Section 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 165
What is the purpose of Protected Management Frames (PMF), also known as 802.11w?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Protected Management Frames (PMF), defined by the 802.11w amendment, provide cryptographic protection for certain 802.11 management frames, including deauthentication and disassociation frames. Without PMF, these frames are sent unencrypted and unauthenticated, making them vulnerable to spoofing in denial-of-service attacks where an attacker sends forged deauthentication frames to disconnect clients. PMF is optional under WPA2 but is mandatory for WPA3-Personal and WPA3-Enterprise connections.
NEW QUESTION # 166
During a manual RF site survey, what tool is typically used to measure and visualize signal strength, channel utilization, and interference across a facility as a surveyor walks through the space?
Answer: C
Explanation:
During a manual, or active/passive, RF site survey, surveyors typically use site survey software in conjunction with a Wi-Fi adapter to walk through a facility and collect data on signal strength (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio, channel utilization, and data rates at various locations. A spectrum analyzer may also be used separately to detect non-802.11 sources of RF interference, such as microwave ovens or cordless phones, that would not be visible to standard Wi-Fi survey tools, which only see 802.11 traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 167
You are troubleshooting a problem with interference from a non-802.11 device. Given that the device is not a WLAN device, you cannot use a protocol analyzer and have chosen to use a spectrum analyzer. You want to view the signal from the interfering device over time to see the activity that is generating.
What common spectrum analyzer view should you use for this analysis?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The common spectrum analyzer view that you should use for this analysis is the Waterfall/Spectrogram view. The Waterfall/Spectrogram view shows the signal from the interfering device over time on a three-dimensional graph. The x-axis represents frequency, the y- axis represents time, and the z-axis represents amplitude or power. The color of each pixel indicates the signal strength at a given frequency and time. The Waterfall/Spectrogram view can help you identify the characteristics of the interference source, such as its frequency range, duty cycle, modulation type, and pattern.
NEW QUESTION # 168
What is required when operating 802.11ax APS in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication?
Answer: A
Explanation:
SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication. SAE is a secure and robust authentication method that is defined in the IEEE 802.11s amendment and is also known as WPA3-Personal or WPA3-SAE. SAE is based on a cryptographic technique called Dragonfly Key Exchange, which allows two parties to establish a shared secret key using a passphrase, without revealing the passphrase or the key to an eavesdropper or an attacker. SAE also provides forward secrecy, which means that if the passphrase or the key is compromised in the future, it does not affect the security of past communications. SAE is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase-based authentication because of the new regulations and standards that apply to this band. The 6 GHz band is a new frequency band that was opened for unlicensed use by the FCC and other regulatory bodies in 2020. The 6 GHz band offers more spectrum and less interference than the existing 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, which can enable higher performance and efficiency for Wi-Fi devices. However, the 6 GHz band also has some restrictions and requirements that are different from the other bands, such as:
The 6 GHz band is divided into two sub-bands: U-NII-5 (5925-6425 MHz) and U-NII-7 (6525-6875 MHz). The U-NII-5 sub-band is subject to DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) rules, which require Wi- Fi devices to monitor and avoid using channels that are occupied by radar systems or other primary users. The U-NII-7 sub-band is not subject to DFS rules, but it has a lower maximum transmit power limit than the U-NII-5 sub-band.
The Wi-Fi devices that operate in the 6 GHz band are called 6E devices, which stands for Extended Spectrum. 6E devices must support 802.11ax technology, which is also known as Wi-Fi
6 or High Efficiency (HE). 802.11ax is a new standard that improves the performance and efficiency of Wi-Fi networks by using features such as OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), MU- MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output), BSS Coloring, TWT (Target Wake Time), and HE PHY and MAC enhancements.
The 6E devices that operate in the 6 GHz band must also support WPA3 security, which is a new security protocol that replaces WPA2 and provides stronger encryption and authentication for Wi- Fi networks. WPA3 has two modes: WPA3-Personal and WPA3-Enterprise. WPA3-Personal uses SAE as its authentication method, which requires a passphrase to establish a secure connection between two devices. WPA3-Enterprise uses EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) as its authentication method, which requires a certificate or a credential to authenticate with a server.
Therefore, SAE is required when operating 802.11ax APs in the 6 GHz band using passphrase- based authentication because it is part of WPA3-Personal security, which is mandatory for 6E devices in this band.
NEW QUESTION # 169
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