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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Network Policy | 18% | - Identity-Based Network Security - Policy Rules and Enforcement |
| Installation and Configuration | 10% | - Installation and Connectivity Testing - Cilium CLI and Configuration |
| Cluster Mesh | 10% | - Multi-Cluster Connectivity - Service Discovery and Load Balancing |
| Network Observability | 10% | - Hubble and Layer 7 Visibility - Hubble CLI and UI |
| Architecture | 20% | - Cilium Architecture and Components - IP Address Management and Datapath Models |
| BGP and External Networking | 6% | - Egress Connectivity - Connecting Cilium Clusters to External Networks |
| Service Mesh | 16% | - Traffic Encryption and Service Mesh Architectures - Ingress and Gateway API |
| eBPF | 10% | - eBPF and iptables-Based Networking - eBPF Role and Benefits |
この情報の時代には、Linux Foundation業界にとても注目され、この強い情報技術業界にLinux Foundation人材が得難いです。こうしてCilium-Associate認定試験がとても重要になります。でも、この試験がとても難しくてLinux Foundation通になりたい方が障害になっています。
質問 # 48
Review the Cilium Network Policy in the YAML file.
It was deployed in the ns-cca namespace on cluster1
Cluster Mesh CiliumNetworkPolicy exhibit
Which statement Is correct?
正解：C
解説：
Technical explanation
The policy's endpointSelector selects the ship workload in the namespace containing the CiliumNetworkPolicy , which is ns-cca . It also explicitly includes io.cilium.k8s.policy.cluster: cluster1 , confirming that the selected source endpoint belongs to cluster1.
The egress rule authorizes communication to an endpoint carrying name: base and the cluster label io.cilium.
k8s.policy.cluster: cluster2 . Because the namespaced policy does not specify a different destination namespace through k8s:io.kubernetes.pod.namespace , the intended destination is the corresponding base workload in ns-cca on cluster2. Therefore, A matches the policy.
Options C and D incorrectly describe the rule as a deny rule. Cilium policy rules use an allow-list model unless an explicit egressDeny or ingressDeny section is present. The exhibit contains an ordinary egress rule, so matching traffic is authorized. Option B incorrectly places the destination in default .
Current Cilium versions require explicit cluster targeting for remote endpoints, which this policy provides through the cluster label.
Official references
Cluster Mesh Network Policy , Namespaces in Cilium Policy
Study Guide topic: Cluster Mesh labels, namespaced policies, and cross-cluster endpoint selection.
質問 # 49
Which Cilium command should you execute to gather network-related troubleshooting information from your Kubernetes cluster?
正解：C
質問 # 50
If you are required to block ingress traffic from external IPs for all pods in your cluster, which of the following network policies would be the best fit?
正解：D
解説：
Technical explanation
A cluster-wide requirement is best implemented with CiliumClusterwideNetworkPolicy , whose correct resource spelling is CiliumClusterwideNetworkPolicy . Unlike a namespaced CiliumNetworkPolicy , this Cilium CRD is non-namespaced and can select endpoints across the entire cluster.
To deny external ingress for every Cilium-managed pod, a cluster-wide policy can use an empty endpointSelector and an ingressDeny rule selecting the world entity. Cilium defines world as network endpoints outside the cluster. An alternative allow-list construction can permit only the cluster entity, thereby excluding external sources, but an explicit deny rule usually communicates the requirement more directly.
A standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy and a CiliumNetworkPolicy are namespaced, requiring repeated resources in every applicable namespace. CiliumGlobalPolicy is not a valid Cilium resource type. Although the option capitalizes "Wide" differently from the actual kind, D unmistakably identifies the intended cluster- scoped policy.
Official references
Cilium Deny Policies , Cilium Network Policy Types
Study Guide topic: Cluster-scoped policies, external traffic, and reserved entities.
質問 # 51
What is true about Layer 7 protocol visibility in Cilium?
正解：A
解説：
Technical explanation
Layer 7 protocol visibility redirects traffic matching the relevant L7 rules to Cilium's node-local proxy, which is Envoy. Envoy parses supported application protocols and supplies the resulting request or response metadata to Cilium's observability pipeline. Therefore, C correctly identifies the architectural consequence of enabling this visibility.
The feature requires L7 proxy support and an appropriate CiliumNetworkPolicy containing Layer 7 rules. A standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy is limited to Layer 3 and Layer 4 concepts and cannot express Cilium's HTTP, DNS, or generic application-protocol rules, so B is incorrect.
A is also incorrect. DNS policy and visibility are commonly applied to pod egress queries, and Cilium's model is not restricted to ingress-only DNS visibility. D overstates protocol coverage. Cilium supports defined L7 parsers and policy types-most prominently HTTP, DNS, Kafka, and supported generic Envoy- based protocols-but it does not promise arbitrary visibility for every application protocol. SSH, Telnet, and FTP cannot simply be assumed to receive native semantic parsing.
An operational caveat is that L7 visibility rules also affect policy enforcement: they are not merely passive packet logging instructions.
Official references
Layer 7 Protocol Visibility , Cilium Envoy
Study Guide topic: L7 proxy redirection, CiliumNetworkPolicy, protocol parsing, and Hubble visibility.
質問 # 52
Which one of the following Cilium Network Policies follow the correct syntax?
A)
Question 17 option A
B)
Question 17 option B
C)
Question 17 option C
D)
Question 17 option D
正解：C
解説：
Technical explanation
Option D uses the correct structure for permitting egress from selected endpoints to the local host entity. The endpointSelector selects endpoints whose label env equals dev . Because the intended traffic travels from those endpoints toward the host, the policy must contain an egress rule. An egress peer is expressed through toEntities , and host is the reserved entity representing the local host, including host-networked containers on that node.
Option A is invalid because fromEntities is an ingress-oriented field and cannot express an egress destination.
Option B uses nodeSelector , which selects nodes rather than workload endpoints and is only valid for node- level rules in a CiliumClusterwideNetworkPolicy ; it is not valid in the displayed namespaced CiliumNetworkPolicy . It also combines ingress with toEntities , reversing the rule direction. Option C has a valid workload selector but again uses toEntities under ingress ; ingress rules describe sources through constructs such as fromEntities .
Applying option D places the selected endpoints into egress default-deny mode and then expressly permits traffic whose destination is the host entity. Other egress traffic must be allowed separately.
Official references
Policy Enforcement and Rule Basics ; Endpoint Lifecycle policy examples .
Study Guide topic: Network Policy.
質問 # 53
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