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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Network Automation and SDN | 5% | - Automation Technologies
|
| Topic 2: IPv6 Technologies | 8% | - IPv6 Deployment
|
| Topic 3: Network Operation and Maintenance | 5% | - Monitoring and Troubleshooting
|
| Topic 4: Carrier IP Network Architecture | 10% | - Carrier Network Evolution
|
| Topic 5: Network Reliability and Protection | 7% | - High Availability Design
|
| Topic 6: Network Service Technologies | 10% | - Carrier Services
|
| Topic 7: MPLS and Segment Routing | 20% | - Carrier Transport Technologies
|
| Topic 8: BGP Advanced Technologies | 20% | - Carrier-Grade BGP
|
| Topic 9: IGP Advanced Technologies | 15% | - OSPF and IS-IS Advanced Features
|
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NEW QUESTION # 21
In BGP EVPN, which of the following route types is used to advertise external routes?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei BGP EVPN defines route types to distribute distinct categories of Ethernet VPN reachability. Type 1 identifies Ethernet Auto-Discovery information, Type 2 MAC/IP bindings, Type 3 inclusive multicast information, and Type 4 Ethernet Segment information. Type 5 is the IP Prefix route and advertises IPv4/IPv6 prefixes, including external routes imported from another protocol or routing domain. RFC 9136 standardizes EVPN IP Prefix Advertisement route type 5. Therefore the correct selection for external IP-prefix reachability is B.
Technical Deep Dive:
B is correct. EVPN is an MP-BGP control plane capable of supporting Layer 2 bridging and Layer 3 service distribution over an MPLS or VXLAN transport. A remote subnet or imported external prefix does not require advertising every individual destination MAC address. Instead a Type 5 IP Prefix Advertisement announces the network prefix, attributes and associated next-hop information. A receiving PE imports it according to route-target policy, resolves the EVPN next hop and installs the forwarding entry in the correct tenant or VPN table. Type 2 MAC/IP routes mainly represent host address bindings, Type 3 supports BUM transport setup, Type 1 supports Ethernet Auto-Discovery and Type 4 Ethernet Segment information. Thus the presence of five offered route types does not make the question multi-answer: Type 5 alone is the IP-prefix route. VRP verification can use `display bgp evpn all routing-table` and the relevant VPN-instance route display.
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NEW QUESTION # 22
Which vBRAS communication channel is used to carry forwarding-control data sent from the vBRAS-CP to the vBRAS-UP?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei's CUPS design separates communication interfaces between vBRAS-CP and vBRAS-UP into protocol, control, and management functions. The control channel sends subscriber service and forwarding entries from the control-plane system to the user-plane device and supports user-plane event reporting.
Subscriber access signaling, such as PPPoE and IPoE messages requiring central processing, uses the protocol channel. Management operations and configuration queries use management-plane interfaces and protocols such as NETCONF. Once authentication succeeds, the CP distributes the forwarding rules needed for the UP to process traffic. The channel transporting those forwarding-control entries is the control channel.
Technical Deep Dive:
D is correct because the control channel exists specifically to program the distributed forwarding plane. The vBRAS-CP coordinates user sessions, authentication, address allocation, accounting, policy, and UP resource assignment. The vBRAS-UP terminates access connectivity, enforces forwarding and QoS policy, maintains subscriber counters, and handles the network-side transport functions. During PPPoE session setup, protocol messages reach the CP through the protocol channel. After the CP decides the applicable services, it sends session state and forwarding entries to the UP over the control channel, commonly associated with CUSP.
Management functions such as querying configuration or delivering equipment settings are distinct and can use NETCONF. Supported UP forwarding ASICs apply the installed user state without hairpinning ordinary traffic through the CP. This architecture permits centralized subscriber management together with distributed, scalable forwarding capacity.
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NEW QUESTION # 23
On the HoVPN illustrated, which of the following statements about the network are correct?
Exhibit 49.1 - Original topology/configuration figure
Select all that apply.
Answer: B,C,D
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei Hierarchy of VPN (HoVPN) divides service roles between an Underlayer PE, a Superstratum PE, and a Network PE. The UPE handles customer attachment and can use a default VPN route advertised by the SPE instead of hosting all remote VPN prefixes. The SPE advertises itself as next hop toward the UPE and learns remote service routes from the NPE with the NPE as next hop. The SPE also allocates local labels when advertising VPN routes across hierarchical boundaries, so the labels used on the UPE-SPE and SPE-NPE segments do not necessarily match. Accordingly B, C and D are correct.
Technical Deep Dive:
B, C and D are correct. HoVPN distributes provider-edge service processing to improve scalability in large access and aggregation networks. The UPE attaches customer traffic and can have smaller VPN routing tables. The SPE maintains fuller VPN information, advertises a default/summary route to the UPE and acts as its next hop. Toward the backbone, the SPE learns VPNv4 routes from the NPE, making the NPE the next hop for those routes. The SPE can reallocate or rewrite VPN labels as it advertises routes between hierarchy levels, so option A is incorrect. At forwarding time the SPE may terminate one hierarchical VPN context and apply a new label stack for the next network segment. This approach reduces memory and control-plane requirements on access PEs while retaining large VPN service scale. The figure's UPE-SPE and SPE-NPE arrows illustrate the asymmetric route distribution central to the answer.
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NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the traditional metro network architecture?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei carrier architectures distinguish subscriber service-edge functions, network transport, and backbone routing. Broadband gateways commonly supply subscriber service management, SRs provide VPN and business connectivity, OLTs aggregate optical subscribers, and CRs provide backbone connectivity. The logical routing design is independent of the physical interconnection design: simply connecting MSEs and SRs to a municipal CR does not determine that all three must belong to one AS. BGP autonomous-system membership is an operator-specific logical design choice. Consequently the common-AS assertion in C is inconsistent with the intended traditional metro-network diagram, though a shared AS could be a legitimate design in another topology.
Technical Deep Dive:
C is the intended incorrect statement. An MSE ordinarily provides HSI, VoIP, IPTV and subscriber management. The SR is a service-routing aggregation node commonly serving enterprise VPN connectivity; the CR aggregates and transports metro traffic toward the backbone; the OLT aggregates PON subscribers and uplinks to an MSE or suitable routing equipment. 4G backhaul and fixed services can share physical transport when traffic isolation, bandwidth engineering, and QoS are properly designed. What makes C problematic is treating a same-AS relationship as an intrinsic consequence of the MSE/SR/CR topology.
Devices connected by physical or logical links can exchange routes through EBGP across distinct autonomous systems, or they may use IBGP and an IGP within one AS. This question assumes a particular Huawei metro- AS deployment. Under that assumed deployment C is incorrect; outside it, the statement is not universally impossible. The architectural premise is essential to a rigorous interpretation.
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NEW QUESTION # 25
With sub-interface-based HQoS, only one flow queue profile may be applied to a channelized sub-interface.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Huawei Reference Verification:
Huawei sub-interface-based HQoS allocates independent scheduling and bandwidth resources to channelized sub-interfaces. A flow-queue profile determines how service classes are queued and scheduled within the logical interface's hierarchical scheduler. The `qos default flow-queue` configuration attaches the applicable default queue profile at the channelized sub-interface application point. One effective default flow-queue profile applies to that point, even though the profile itself may define multiple service-class queues and priorities. Therefore the statement is true.
Technical Deep Dive:
A is TRUE. HQoS implements multiple levels of traffic scheduling, allowing a carrier to manage traffic at the flow, subscriber, service-group and interface levels. A channelized sub-interface obtains reserved logical bandwidth or scheduling resources on a shared physical link. The attached flow-queue profile determines the scheduling behavior of traffic classes, potentially combining strict priority and weighted allocation. A single effective default profile is applied to that channelized sub-interface; that does not mean the sub-interface has only one packet queue. A representative Huawei configuration uses `flow-queue fq1` to define a profile and
`qos default flow-queue fq1 outbound` on a supported channelized interface. Actual interface syntax and feature compatibility depend on the line card and VRP release. The forwarding/traffic-management hardware applies queuing and bandwidth enforcement without requiring general-purpose CPU scheduling for every packet.
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NEW QUESTION # 26
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