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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Inventory and Warehousing | - Inventory Management - Warehousing - Inventory Cost and Availability |
| Supply Chain Analytics and Artificial Intelligence | - Predictive Analytics - Supply Chain Risk Management - Automation and Optimization - Real-Time Monitoring |
| Procurement | - Supplier and Sourcing Management - Procurement Processes - Procurement Strategies |
| Demand Planning and Scheduling | - Production and Supply Scheduling - Demand Planning - Demand and Supply Alignment |
| Transportation and Logistics | - Logistics Operations - Transportation Management - Delivery and Distribution |
| Manufacturing and Operations Management | - Supply and Production Coordination - Manufacturing Processes - Operations Management |
| Supply Chain Management Fundamentals | - Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Supply Chain and Organizational Competitiveness - Supply Chain Management Concepts and Principles - Integrated Supply Chain Processes |
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36. Frage
A large-scale distributed computing system that links people and systems together is called what?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
A Net Centric system is the correct classification because it is designed around network-enabled interaction among distributed users, applications, information resources, and systems. Rather than concentrating all capabilities within a single standalone application, a net-centric architecture uses network connectivity to make information and services available across organizational and technological boundaries.
The supply-chain relevance is substantial. Modern supply networks consist of geographically dispersed suppliers, plants, distribution facilities, logistics providers, customers, and information systems. Effective coordination requires these participants to exchange information and interact through connected systems rather than relying exclusively on isolated local applications.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are analytical technologies that can operate within such an environment, but neither term describes the distributed network architecture itself. Agile software refers to software-development approaches or software characteristics and likewise does not define a large-scale distributed computing environment.
Reference architectures for large-scale distributed IT similarly describe environments in which people, systems, services, and resources interact across distributed ownership boundaries through networked communication.
Thus, the architectural description in the question corresponds to a Net Centric system .
Reference Topic: Technology, Analytics and Digital Transformation - Net-Centric Computing and Connected Supply Chain Systems.
37. Frage
All costs that do not vary with the size of the order but are incurred each time an order is placed are referred to as
Antwort: D
Begründung:
A fixed ordering cost is incurred each time a replenishment order is initiated and is substantially independent of the number of units contained in that order. In classical cycle-inventory and EOQ terminology, this cost is commonly represented by S . Examples can include administrative processing, supplier coordination, production setup, shipment dispatch, and fixed transportation or receiving activities associated with an order.
The economic significance of S is that it creates an incentive to consolidate demand into larger replenishment lots. If S is high, frequent small orders become expensive because the same fixed cost is repeatedly incurred.
Increasing the lot size reduces the number of orders per year and therefore reduces annual ordering cost. The disadvantage is that larger replenishment quantities increase average cycle inventory and consequently increase holding cost.
Material cost, represented in this framework by C, concerns the unit acquisition value of the product and varies with the quantity purchased. Holding cost relates to maintaining inventory through time. Purchase price is therefore not the definition requested.
The EOQ framework balances annual fixed ordering cost against annual inventory holding cost to identify an economically efficient replenishment quantity. Thus B correctly identifies both the cost category and its conventional notation.
Reference Topic: Inventory and Warehousing - Fixed Ordering Cost, Cycle Inventory, and EOQ.
38. Frage
Situations where demand information is distorted as it moves between different stages of the supply chain, leading to increased variability in orders within the supply chain are referred to as
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Information processing obstacles occur when demand information becomes distorted as it passes from one stage of the supply chain to another. Each organization may receive only the orders of its immediate customer rather than having direct visibility into actual consumer demand. If those orders contain batching, safety-stock adjustments, promotional purchases, or forecast corrections, the upstream organization can incorrectly interpret the variation as a true change in market demand.
The organization then revises its own forecast and purchasing or production requirements, creating an even larger upstream response. Repetition of this process across multiple stages produces increased order variability and contributes directly to the bullwhip effect.
Two critical sources are forecasting from orders rather than actual consumption and insufficient information sharing. Appropriate remedies include point-of-sale data sharing, integrated information systems, collaborative forecasting, shared inventory visibility, and single-stage control of replenishment where suitable.
Information-processing obstacles differ from operational obstacles, which involve ordering practices and lead times; pricing obstacles, which involve discounts and promotions; and behavioral obstacles, which concern organizational learning and trust.
The standard coordination framework defines this category specifically as distortion of demand information as it moves across supply-chain stages.
Reference Topic: Technology, Analytics and Digital Transformation - Information Visibility, Demand Signals, and Coordination.
39. Frage
The ability to get the raw materials to the correct manufacturing plant and then once completed to the correct distribution center would be a good example of what part of SCM?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Quick Response is the best answer among the alternatives because the scenario emphasizes the supply chain's ability to move materials and finished goods to the appropriate downstream locations when required.
Responsiveness depends on synchronized transportation, material availability, production, information, and distribution activities.
The first movement involves delivering raw materials to the correct manufacturing facility so production can occur without unnecessary delay. Once manufacturing is completed, the finished product must then reach the appropriate distribution center so that subsequent customer fulfillment can proceed. A quick-response capability coordinates these flows with minimal delay and supports short replenishment cycles.
This should not be confused with sustainability, which concerns environmental, social, and economic performance, or legal compliance, which concerns conformity with regulatory requirements. "Unification" relates more broadly to integration, but the operational capability described here is specifically about responding efficiently through the movement of materials between supply-chain stages.
The ACSCP curriculum treats transportation, logistics, manufacturing, and integrated supply-chain processes as interconnected functional areas rather than isolated activities.
Reference Topic: Logistics, Warehousing and Transportation Management - Quick Response, Material Flow, and Distribution Coordination.
40. Frage
In a CRP system, inventory at the retailer is owned by
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Under a Continuous Replenishment Program (CRP) , the retailer normally owns the inventory positioned at the retail location. The defining feature of CRP is not a transfer of inventory ownership to the supplier; it is the use of actual consumption or withdrawal information to trigger frequent, demand-responsive replenishment.
A supplier or wholesaler may therefore have substantial visibility into retailer inventory and may automatically replenish the retailer based on point-of-sale or withdrawal data, while ownership of the stock remains with the retailer. This separates CRP from certain VMI arrangements in which inventory may be held on consignment and remain supplier-owned until final sale.
This distinction is operationally significant. Ownership determines financial responsibility and working- capital exposure , whereas replenishment authority determines who calculates and initiates stock replacement. A supply-chain system may centralize replenishment decisions without necessarily transferring ownership of the underlying inventory.
Option B would more accurately describe a supplier-owned consignment arrangement. Option C is incorrect because the final customer has not yet purchased the inventory, while D is legally and economically untenable for inventory being carried within the commercial supply chain.
Standard supply-chain coordination material explicitly identifies the retailer as the inventory owner in a CRP system.
Reference Topic: Inventory Management - Continuous Replenishment Programs and Inventory Ownership.
41. Frage
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