ISO-14001-Lead-Auditor試験勉強書 & ISO-14001-Lead-Auditor受験対策

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PECB ISO-14001-Lead-Auditor Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Topic 1: Preparing an ISO 14001 audit	15%	- Defining audit objectives, scope and criteria - Document review and preparation of checklist - Audit planning and resource allocation
Topic 2: Closing an ISO 14001 audit	10%	- Evaluating findings and forming conclusions - Closing meeting and reporting - Follow-up and corrective action verification
Topic 3: Fundamental audit concepts and principles	15%	- Roles and responsibilities in auditing - Audit principles and ethics - Independence, objectivity and evidence-based approach
Topic 4: Environmental management system requirements (ISO 14001:2015)	25%	- Context of the organization - Support and resources - Leadership and commitment - Performance evaluation and improvement - Operation and control - Planning and risk management
Topic 5: Fundamental principles and concepts of an environmental management system	15%	- Concepts of EMS and process approach - Principles of environmental management - Continual improvement and sustainability
Topic 6: Managing an ISO 14001 audit program	5%	- Planning and implementing audit program - Monitoring and improving audit program
Topic 7: Conducting an ISO 14001 audit	15%	- Opening meeting and communication - Collecting and verifying audit evidence - Generating audit findings and observations

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PECB Certified EMS ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Exam 認定 ISO-14001-Lead-Auditor 試験問題 (Q58-Q63):

質問 # 58
Which two of the following documents are not required for documentation review by an auditor conducting a Stage 1 certification audit to ISO 14001?

A. List of environmental aspects
B. A list of planned emergency responses
C. An internal audit schedule
D. An organisation's financial statement
E. A management review record
F. Documented information on the environmental objectives

正解：D、E

解説：
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.3.2.1 and ISO 14001:2015:
Stage 1 focuses on evaluating management system documentation (e.g., environmental aspects, objectives, emergency preparedness, audit schedule).
Financial statements (C) are not relevant to EMS certification.
Management review records (D) may not yet be available at Stage 1 if the EMS is not fully implemented.
Reference: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 Clause 9.3.2.1; ISO 14001:2015 Clauses 6.1.2, 6.2.1, 8.2.

質問 # 59
The following statements are related to audit methods. Review each one and select the two that are true:

A. Auditors are expected to use a combination of different audit methods to collect information during an audit.
B. During a multi-day stage 2 initial certification audit, auditors must be permitted to take copies of procedures and records off-site for review.
C. During a virtual third-party surveillance audit, the auditor should seek permission from the auditee prior to recording an individual or if taking screenshots of documents.
D. During a virtual audit, evidence can only be collected using methods that involve human interaction.
E. The sampling methods that are used to obtain audit evidence should be agreed by the auditee.
F. As Top Management represents the most senior members of the organisation, audit evidence collected by interview from this group does not require verification by other methods.

正解：A、C

解説：
The correct answers are B and D .
B is correct because, during remote or virtual auditing, the auditor must respect confidentiality, information security, privacy, and auditee permissions. Recording people, taking screenshots, or capturing documents should only be done with permission from the auditee. This aligns with audit principles such as confidentiality, professional care, and information security .
D is correct because auditors should use a combination of audit methods to obtain reliable audit evidence.
Audit methods may include interviews, observation of activities, review of documents and records, sampling, remote communication tools, site tours, and review of environmental performance data. Using more than one method helps verify evidence and improves audit confidence.
The other options are incorrect:
A is incorrect because virtual audit evidence is not limited to human interaction. Evidence may also be collected through document review, records, photographs, video, data systems, monitoring reports, permits, procedures, and other non-interactive sources.
C is incorrect because audit sampling methods are determined by the auditor or audit team based on audit objectives, scope, criteria, risk, and available evidence. They do not need to be agreed by the auditee, although the auditee may need to provide access to relevant information.
E is incorrect because auditors are not automatically entitled to take copies of procedures or records off-site.
Taking copies depends on confidentiality rules, certification body procedures, legal restrictions, and auditee permission.
F is incorrect because audit evidence from top management interviews still requires verification where possible. Interview evidence should normally be corroborated using records, observed practices, objectives, environmental performance data, compliance obligations, or other audit evidence. Top management status does not remove the need for verification.
Therefore, the two true statements are B and D .

質問 # 60
A management system meeting ISO 14001:2015 requirements is based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle.
Which two elements of the management system are part of the ' Check ' stage of the PDCA cycle?

A. Environmental policy
B. Improvement
C. Monitoring performance
D. Management review
E. Control of the processes
F. Nonconformities

正解：C、F

質問 # 61
A multi-level shopping centre is open every day to the public from 09:00-21:00 hours. During an external audit of the centre to ISO 14001, you establish that there are 40 vending machines that are permanently switched on. Thirty of them do not sell perishable foodstuffs. You also note that there are eight escalators in the complex that run constantly during public access. When asked about environmental performance improvement objectives, the Centre Manager says that there are plans to increase the natural daylight by installing more skylights thus saving on lighting costs, but the estimated budget for this has not yet been approved by the board.
You: I note that energy consumption is a significant environmental aspect in the centre. How do you mitigate the impacts of this?
EMS Manager: We try to reduce our energy costs by negotiating a better deal from the energy company. We are considering changing to one that only supplies electricity from renewable sources.
You: What steps have you taken to reduce overall consumption?
EMS Manager: We conducted awareness training for staff. For example, turning off lights in staff areas not being used.
You: I see that the escalators account for the highest usage of energy. Are there any objectives to try and reduce this?
EMS Manager: No, it would be too costly to change them.
You: How do you measure electricity consumption?
EMS Manager: We have meters installed in each floor of the centre. We take readings every hour and we plot the consumption graph for every staff shift.
You continue the interview and find that energy consumption has increased steadily over the past five years.
Select the two statements that are true.

A. The organisation's energy supplier sources renewable energy.
B. The vending machines are switched on permanently.
C. The centre staff are responsible for energy consumption in the staff areas.
D. The escalators are switched on permanently.
E. The Centre Manager is trained in energy awareness.
F. The organisation should take action to address its energy consumption.

正解：B、F

質問 # 62
As a third-party auditor, you are leading a surveillance audit of ABC, an organisation that designs and manufactures a wide range of electric home appliances.
The first interview of the audit is with the Design Manager (DM). This was not your original plan, but the DM had to leave ABC as soon as the interview was over, and you agreed to see her first.
You: Reviewing the list of significant environmental aspects, I did not see any related to the use of the products by customers or their final disposition.
DM: We identified those aspects, but when determining their significance, none of those aspects was significant. You can see here the related documented information.
Considering that you have just started the audit and would need to interview other ABC personnel, which six of the following issues would provide you with further information on the answer given by the Design Manager?

A. Management review.
B. Internal audits.
C. End-of-life disposal by customers.
D. Applicable legal requirements.
E. Scope of the EMS.
F. Roles and responsibilities.
G. Previous audit reports from the certification body.
H. Criteria to assign significance to impacts.
I. Provision of information to customers.
J. Identification of requirements of interested parties.
K. Evaluation of compliance.
L. Minutes of the Safety Committee.

正解：C、D、E、H、I、J

解説：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), when identifying environmental aspects and determining significance, an organization must consider a life-cycle perspective, including product use and end-of-life treatment.
To corroborate and investigate the Design Manager ' s assertion that product use and disposal aspects were determined non-significant, an auditor must pursue audit trails across related system processes:
* Applicable legal requirements (Option B): Check compliance obligations regarding product energy efficiency (e.g., Eco-design rules) or disposal directives (e.g., WEEE/RoHS).
* Provision of information to customers (Option D): Evaluate operational controls (Clause 8.1) regarding user instructions for energy use and end-of-life handling.
* Identification of requirements of interested parties (Option E): Examine customer and regulatory expectations regarding product footprint under Clause 4.2.
* Scope of the EMS (Option H): Verify under Clause 4.3 if product use and end-of-life life-cycle stages are included in system boundaries.
* End-of-life disposal by customers (Option J): Evaluate actual life-cycle considerations for product recycling, re-use, or hazardous material recovery.
* Criteria to assign significance to impacts (Option L): Inspect the evaluation methodology (Clause
6.1.2) to determine whether criteria were objectively and consistently applied.
General operational topics like internal audits, management reviews, safety committee minutes, or general roles do not provide direct evidence regarding product life-cycle significance determinations.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects), Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control), Annex A.6.1.2 (Life-cycle perspective), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Auditing Life-Cycle Aspects).

質問 # 63
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