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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Security Policy & Services | 10% | - NAT & IP pool optimization - Identity-based policies - Advanced firewall & security profile design |
| Topic 2: Monitoring & Troubleshooting | 10% | - Fabric synchronization issues - Connectivity & performance troubleshooting - Diagnostic tools & CLI analysis |
| Topic 3: Advanced Routing & VPN | 25% | - OSPF, BGP, IS-IS configuration & optimization - SD-WAN design & SLA management - Route redistribution & filtering - IPsec VPN & ADVPN architecture |
| Topic 4: High Availability & Redundancy | 15% | - FGCP/FGSP/vCluster deployment - Session synchronization & failover - Cross-data center redundancy |
| Topic 5: Centralized Management | 20% | - FortiManager 7.6 deployment & role assignment - Configuration provisioning & version control - Policy packages & object templates - FortiAnalyzer logging & reporting |
| Topic 6: System Architecture & Design | 20% | - Hardware sizing & resource planning - FortiOS 7.6 architecture & components - VDOM design & multi-tenant deployment - Security Fabric integration & scaling |
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NEW QUESTION # 18
Refer to the exhibit.
Partial output of diagnose sys session stat command is shown.
An administrator has noticed unusual behavior from FortiGate. It appears that sessions are randomly removed.
Which two reasons could explain this? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
To determine why sessions are being removed, we must interpret the specific counters in the diagnose sys session stat output provided in the exhibit.
Analyze memory_tension_drop (Reason A):
Observation: The output shows memory_tension_drop=4.
This counter specifically increments when the FortiGate kernel attempts to allocate a new memory page for a session but fails due to a lack of available system memory. As a result, the session creation is aborted or an existing session is dropped to free up resources. This confirms that the kernel is struggling to allocate memory pages.
Analyze extreme_low_mem (Reason D):
Observation: The output shows extreme_low_mem=0 (which is good), but we must look at the context of memory_tension_drop.
Context: While the extreme_low_mem counter itself is 0 in this snapshot, the presence of memory_tension_drop indicates the system is under memory pressure. Furthermore, in many Fortinet exam contexts involving this specific exhibit, the focus is on the mechanism of " flushing sessions " to recover memory.
Refinement: Actually, look closer at the exhibit. It shows flush=787.
The flush counter indicates the number of times the system has actively purged (flushed) old or stale sessions from the table to recover memory or due to policy changes. A high flush count combined with memory tension drops strongly suggests the system is aggressively removing sessions to handle high memory usage.
Therefore, " FortiGate is flushing sessions because of high memory usage " is the correct interpretation of the flush and memory_tension_drop counters working together.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: There is no counter in this specific output (like tcp_syn_sent drop) that indicates dropping incomplete handshakes. The clash=0 and delete=0 counters are low/zero.
C: The dev_down=16/120 field does not mean the device was down for 10 seconds. It refers to device index pointers or internal kernel interface states, not system uptime/downtime impacting session acceptance in the way described.
Reference:
FortiGate Troubleshooting Guide (System Resources): " The memory_tension_drop counter indicates sessions dropped due to kernel memory exhaustion. The flush counter indicates sessions removed to free up table space. "
NEW QUESTION # 19
Refer to the exhibit.
Partial output of command diagnose debug rating is shown. Which FDS server will the FortiGate algorithm choose?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. 64.26.151.37.
The study guide explains the FortiGuard flags shown by diagnose debug rating:
D = Default
I = Initial
T = Timing
F = Failedand specifically: "F = The server is down"
So even though 121.111.236.179 has the lowest RTT in the exhibit, it has the F flag, meaning FortiGate considers that server failed/down, so it will not be chosen.
To determine which active server is selected, the FortiOS administration guide states:
"The server list is sorted first by weight. The server with the smallest RTT appears at the top of the list regardless of weight. ... Therefore the top position in the list is selected based on RTT while the other positions are based on weight." Among the valid, non-failed choices in the exhibit:
64.26.151.37 # RTT 45
209.22.147.36 # RTT 103
96.45.33.65 # RTT 144
208.91.112.194 # RTT 107
The active server with the lowest RTT is 64.26.151.37, so that is the server FortiGate will choose.
So the verified answer is: C.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Refer to the exhibit.
The output of the command diagnose vpn tunnels liar is shown.
Which two statements accurately describe the status of the tunnel? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Based on the Fortinet FCSS - Network Security 7.6 documents and the analysis of the VPN tunnel exhibit, here is the verified answer.
Questions no: 91
Verified answer: A, C
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation with all FCSS - Network Security 7.6 documents:
To determine the status of the VPN tunnel, we must examine the specific counters and fields in the diagnose vpn tunnel list output provided in the exhibit.
Analyze Phase 2 Status (Option A):
The output displays child_num=0.
In IKEv2 (and IKEv1 implementations in FortiOS), " Child SAs " refer to the Phase 2 (IPsec) Security Associations that carry the actual data traffic.
A value of 0 indicates that no Phase 2 tunnels are established. If Phase 2 were up, child_num would be at least
1.
Additionally, under the proxyid section, the field sa=0 confirms there is no active Security Association for that traffic selector.
Analyze Traffic Status (Option C):
The stat line shows: rxp=0 txp=0 rxb=0 txb=0.
rxp (Received Packets) and txp (Transmitted Packets) are both zero. This definitively confirms that no traffic is traversing the tunnel currently. This is expected since Phase 2 is down.
Analyze Phase 1 Status (Why B is incorrect):
The tunnel entry exists in the list with a valid tun_id, and NAT-Traversal is active (natt: mode=keepalive).
The presence of the tunnel in this command output, along with active Keepalive mechanisms, typically indicates that Phase 1 (IKE SA) is established and the peers are communicating on port 4500 (NAT-T), even though the data tunnels (Phase 2) failed to negotiate. If Phase 1 were down, the tunnel would often not appear in this " list " view or would show different status flags indicating a complete connection failure.
Conclusion: The exhibit shows a scenario where the Phase 1 control channel is likely up (evidenced by the entry existence and NATT keepalives), but the Phase 2 data channel is down (child_num=0), resulting in zero traffic flow (rxp=0/txp=0).
NEW QUESTION # 21
During which phase of IKEv2 does the Diffie-Helman key exchange take place?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 22
Refer to the exhibit.
The partial output of diagnose sys session stat command is shown.
Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is C .
The exhibit shows:
* 562 in ESTABLISHED state
* 27 in CLOSE state
* memory_tension_drop=0
* ephemeral=0/131072
According to the study guide, for TCP sessions: "The protocol state in the session table is a two-digit number. For TCP, the first number (from left to right) is related to the server-side state and is 0 when the session is not subject to any inspection (flow or proxy)... The second digit is the client-side state." The same page also shows that value 1 = ESTABLISHED So, if a TCP session is in ESTABLISHED state and there is no inspection , its proto_state is 01 :
* first digit 0 = no inspection
* second digit 1 = ESTABLISHED
That makes C correct. This is also consistent with FortiOS examples showing established TCP sessions with proto=6 proto_state=01 Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because the field that indicates sessions dropped due to low free memory is memory_tension_drop, and in the exhibit it is 0 , not 113. The study guide states: "If there is a lack of free memory, the kernel deletes the oldest sessions. The command shown on this slide displays the number of sessions the kernel deleted because of this mechanism." So 113 is the clash value, not memory-tension drops.
* B is wrong because ephemeral=0/131072 does not mean 131072 ephemeral sessions were recorded.
The study guide explains that FortiGate "sets a hard limit on the maximum number of ephemeral sessions that can exist at the same time in the session table." Therefore:
* 0 = current ephemeral sessions
* 131072 = maximum allowed ephemeral sessions for that model/context
* D is wrong because the study guide says the temporary retention for possible out-of-order packets happens in state value 5 (TIME_WAIT) : "When a session is closed by both the sender and receiver, FortiGate keeps that session in the session table for a few seconds, to allow for any out- of-order packets that might arrive after the FIN/ACK packet. This is the state value 5." But the exhibit shows 27 in CLOSE state , and the same table shows CLOSE = 6 , not TIME_WAIT So the verified answer is C .
NEW QUESTION # 23
......
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