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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Use specifications in procurement and supply20-25%- Advantages and limitations of specification types
  • 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact
- Sources for developing specifications
  • 1. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
  • 2. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements
- Types of specifications
  • 1. Conformance vs performance specifications
  • 2. Output/outcome-based specifications
  • 3. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards
Topic 2: Stakeholder management in defining needs15-20%- Communicate and consult with stakeholders
  • 1. Resolving conflicting requirements
  • 2. Methods for gathering requirements
- Align needs with organisational objectives
  • 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution
- Identify and classify stakeholders
  • 1. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
  • 2. Internal vs external stakeholders
Topic 3: Market management in procurement and supply20-25%- Assess market forces and trends
  • 1. Global vs local market conditions
  • 2. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
  • 3. Supply and demand dynamics
- Evaluate market information sources
  • 1. Supplier intelligence and market research
  • 2. Industry reports, government data, trade journals
- Analyse market structures and competition
  • 1. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies
  • 2. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition
Topic 4: Legal and regulatory considerations10-15%- Sustainability and ethical requirements
  • 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria
- Legislation affecting requirements definition
  • 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards
Topic 5: Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally20-25%- Criteria for creating business cases
  • 1. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales
  • 2. Benchmarking requirements
- Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities
  • 1. Direct and indirect costs
  • 2. Market data sources for cost/price information
  • 3. Cost estimation and budgeting methods
  • 4. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
- Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
  • 1. Cash flow and cost entries
  • 2. Budget performance and variance management
  • 3. Purpose and structure of budgets
- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
  • 1. Procurement's role in developing business cases
  • 2. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy
  • 3. Impact of business needs on purchase types

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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q99-Q104):

NEW QUESTION # 99
A buyer can use sources of information to review indirect costs associated with the manufacture of goods to support supplier negotiations. Is this statement true?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (from CIPS L4M2 - Cost Management and Analysis) CIPS teaches that indirect costs (e.g. overheads, admin, factory costs) can be estimated by using:
* Supplier financial statements,
* Benchmarking,
* Industry cost models.
Analysing these supports negotiations by revealing true cost drivers.
Therefore, Option B is correct - buyers can and should assess indirect costs when evaluating total cost and negotiating.
Relevant L4M2 references:
* "Understanding direct and indirect cost elements"
* "Cost analysis and should-cost models in business case preparation"


NEW QUESTION # 100
An IT category buyer wishes to include social and environmental criteria within a supplier specification. The focus is on the avoidance of hardware manufacturing inputs that have been derived from 'conflict minerals', e.
g. from politically unstable areas. Is this the right approach?

Answer: B


NEW QUESTION # 101
Which of the following specific markets engage in creation, liquidation and change of ownership of stock?

Answer: D

Explanation:
According to Investopedia, the financial services sector provides financial services to people and corporations. This segment of the economy is made up of a variety of financial firms includ-ing banks, investment houses, lenders, finance companies, real estate brokers, and insurance com-panies. As noted above, the financial services industry is probably the most important sector of the economy, leading the world in terms of earnings and equity market capitalization. Large conglomerates dominate this sector, but it also includes a diverse range of smaller companies.
According to the finance and development department of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), financial services are the processes by which consumers or businesses acquire financial goods. For example, a payment system provider offers a financial service when it accepts and transfers funds between payers and recipients. This includes accounts settled through credit and debit cards, checks, and electronic funds transfers.
Companies in the financial services industry manage money. For instance, a financial advi-sor manages assets and offers advice on behalf of a client. The advisor does not directly provide investments or any other product, rather, they facilitate the movement of funds between savers and the issuers of securities and other instruments. This service is a temporary task rather than a tangible asset.
Financial goods, on the other hand, are not tasks. They are things. A mortgage loan may seem like a service, but it's actually a product that lasts beyond the initial provision. Stocks, bonds, loans, commodity assets, real estate, and insurance policies are examples of financial goods.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1


NEW QUESTION # 102
Which of the following are the focuses of ISO 14001:2015?

Answer: B

Explanation:
ISO 14001:2015 specifies the requirements for an environmental management system that an or-ganization can use to enhance its environmental performance. ISO 14001:2015 is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability.
ISO 14001:2015 helps an organization achieve the intended outcomes of its environmental man-agement system, which provide value for the environment, the organization itself and interested parties. Consistent with the organization's environmental policy, the intended outcomes of an environmental management system include:
* enhancement of environmental performance;
* fulfilment of compliance obligations;
* achievement of environmental objectives.
ISO 14001:2015 is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that the organization determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective. ISO 14001:2015 does not state specific environmental performance criteria.
ISO 14001:2015 can be used in whole or in part to systematically improve environmental manage-ment.
Claims of conformity to ISO 14001:2015, however, are not acceptable unless all its require-ments are incorporated into an organization's environmental management system and fulfilled without exclusion.
In conclusion, ISO 14001:2015 focuses on: management system (including roles, leadership and processes) and the life cycle of product or service. Life cycle is defined as "consecutive and inter-linked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal. [...] The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, production, transportation/ delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal." The answer is process and life cycle.
Reference:
- ISO 14001:2015 Environmental management systems - Requirements with guidance for use LO 3, AC 3.1


NEW QUESTION # 103
Builder Inc is a rapidly expanding business in construction sector. Due to an increase in projects, it cannot manage the flow of materials by Excel spreadsheets but by more dedicated software. Who would be a key internal stakeholder in defining software compatibility with company's current system?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Internal stakeholders may contribute to defining needs and drafting the specification by using their technical expertise. In this scenario, IT team may consult procurement team on the technical specification of the software, including compatibility with company's current IT system.


NEW QUESTION # 104
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