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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Cluster Setup | 15% | - Hardening cluster components - Secure installation configuration |
| Topic 2: System Hardening | 15% | - Kernel and node security configuration - Host security controls |
| Topic 3: Supply Chain Security | 20% | - Secure CI/CD practices - Image scanning and verification |
| Topic 4: Minimizing Microservice Vulnerabilities | 20% | - Pod security standards - Container isolation and security contexts |
| Topic 5: Monitoring, Logging and Runtime Security | 15% | - Runtime threat detection - Audit logging and monitoring |
| Topic 6: Cluster Hardening | 15% | - Authentication and authorization - API server security |
>> Latest CKS Dumps Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 24
You're working with a Kubernetes cluster where you need to enforce a secure supply chain. You have a Kubernetes deployment that utilizes a container image from a specific registry. How would you configure your Kubernetes cluster to only allow images from this registry to be used in deployments?
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a PodSecurityPolicy (PSP):
- A PSP is a policy that enforces security restrictions on pods. We will use it to restrict image pulls to a specific registry.
- create a PSP YAML file.
2. Define Allowed Registries: - Within the 'spec' of your PSP, create a field 'seLinux' and then define the allowed registries within the 'seLinux' field. - Example:
3. Apply the PSP: - Apply the PSP to your cluster using kubectl apply -f restricted-registry-psp.yaml' 4. Create a Service Account: - Create a service account that will be allowed to run pods with this PSP:
5. Bind the PSP to the Service Account: - Add the 'securityContext' field to your deployment and specify the PSP you just created:
- Apply the deployment: bash kubectl apply -f deploymentyaml - Now, the deployment will only be able to pull images from the specified registry-
NEW QUESTION # 25
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with a deployment named "my-app" that uses a container image from a public registry. The container image has a vulnerability in a library it uses. You want to prevent any container from using that vulnerable image. How would you implement this using a container image registry and admission control policies?
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Custom Container Image Registry:
- Create a private container image registry, such as Harbor, JFrog Xray, or GitLab Container Registry to manage your container images and enforce security policies.
2. Configure Image Scanning and Policies:
- Set up image scanning in your chosen registry to automatically scan incoming images for vulnerabilities. Configure policies to block images with specific vulnerabilities or based on severity levels.
3. Set up Admission Control Policies:
- Configure Kubernetes admission control to enforce image scanning and registry-based access control.
- Use admission webhooks to intercept pod creation requests and verify that the container image used in the pod is authorized.
- For example, you can create an admission webhook that checks if the image is stored in your private registry and has passed vulnerability scanning.
If the image is not in the registry or has known vulnerabilities, the webhook will deny the pod creation.
4. Deploy the Vulnerability-Free Image:
- Update the container image used by your "my-app" deployment with a patched or vulnerability-free version. Push this updated image to your private registry.
5. Update the Deployment
- Update the "my-app" deployment configuration to pull the container image from your private registry.
6. Monitor and Evaluate:
- Monitor the logs of your container image registry and Kubernetes admission controller for any errors or blocked images. Regularly review the vulnerability scan reports for any new vulnerabilities.
NEW QUESTION # 26
SIMULATION
Service is running on port 389 inside the system, find the process-id of the process, and stores the names of all the open-files inside the /candidate/KH77539/files.txt, and also delete the binary.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation belowExplanation:
root# netstat -ltnup
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:17600 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1293/dropbox tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:17603 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1293/dropbox tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 575/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9393 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 900/perl tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 9583/docker-proxy tcp 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 9571/docker-proxy udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 8822/dhcpcd
...
root# netstat -ltnup | grep ':22'
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 575/sshd
The ss command is the replacement of the netstat command.
Now let's see how to use the ss command to see which process is listening on port 22:
root# ss -ltnup 'sport = :22'
Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* users:("sshd",pid=575,fd=3))
NEW QUESTION # 27
You have a Kubernetes cluster running a critical application With a Deployment named 'critical-app-deployment' . This deployment uses a container image from a private registry hosted on a separate server. You want to secure the communication between your Kubernetes cluster and the private registry to prevent unauthorized access to your sensitive container images.
Explain how you would secure this communication using TLS/SSL certificates and describe the steps involved in configuring it.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Generate a Self-Signed Certificate:
use OpenSSL to create a certificate and a private key:
bash
openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout server-key -out server.cn -days 365 -nodes
Replace the prompts with appropriate values for your registry server: CommonName, Organizational Unit Name, etc.
2. Configure the Registry Server:
Enable TLS/SSL: Configure the registry server to listen on HTTPS using the generated certificate and key.
Example configuration (Docker Registry):
[service "registry"]
# other configuration .
tls = true
tls_certiticate =
tls_key = "/path/to/server.key"
3. Configure Kubernetes:
Add the certificate to the Kubernetes cluster:
Create a Kubernetes Secret to store the certificate and key:
Configure the ImagePullSecret: UPdate the Deployment to use the secret
4. Verify the Configuration: Test image pulls from the deployment: Ensure that the containers can pull images from the registry using HTTPS. Verify the certificate and key are properly loaded: Use tools like 'kubectl describe secret registry-secret to confirm the secret contents. Note: This is a simplified setup for self-signed certificates. For a production environment, consider using a trusted Certificate Authority (CA) to issue certificates for enhanced security.
NEW QUESTION # 28
SIMULATION
Cluster: scanner
Master node: controlplane
Worker node: worker1
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command:
[desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context scanner
Given:
You may use Trivy's documentation.
Task:
Use the Trivy open-source container scanner to detect images with severe vulnerabilities used by Pods in the namespace nato.
Look for images with High or Critical severity vulnerabilities and delete the Pods that use those images.
Trivy is pre-installed on the cluster's master node. Use cluster's master node to use Trivy.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation below
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 29
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