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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.
Topic 2
  • Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.
Topic 3
  • Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.
Topic 4
  • Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.
Topic 5
  • Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.

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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q45-Q50):

NEW QUESTION # 45
What scenario demonstrates the use of Dependabot security updates?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Dependabot security updates are automated pull requests generated by the GitHub tool to update project dependencies with known security vulnerabilities, such as those listed in the GitHub Advisory Database. This feature helps developers automatically patch security risks in their codebase by creating pull requests that update dependencies to the minimum secure version without breaking the dependency graph.
How Dependabot Security Updates Work
1. Vulnerability Detection: Dependabot scans your repository's dependencies and checks them against the GitHub Advisory Database.
2. Alerts: If a vulnerable dependency is detected, Dependabot sends an alert to the user.
3. Automated Pull Request: For repositories where security updates are enabled, Dependabot automatically creates a pull request to fix the vulnerability.
4. Update to Secure Version: The pull request updates the vulnerable dependency to the minimum version that contains a patch for the known security issue.
5. Resolution: The pull request provides details, including release notes and commits, and is linked to the security alert for easy review and merging.


NEW QUESTION # 46
What is required to trigger code scanning on a specified branch?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Scanning on push
By default, the CodeQL analysis workflow uses the on:push event to trigger a code scan on every push to the default branch of the repository and any protected branches. For code scanning to be triggered on a specified branch, the workflow must exist in that branch. For more information, see Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions.


NEW QUESTION # 47
How does Dependabot use the dependency graph in GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS)?

Answer: C


NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following would raise secret scanning alerts?

Answer: B

Explanation:
A GitHub personal access token (PAT) is a credential and is therefore a type of value that secret scanning is designed to detect. GitHub supports patterns for GitHub-issued tokens and can generate secret scanning alerts when supported PAT formats are committed to repositories. GitHub also performs validity checks for certain GitHub tokens and can distinguish active from inactive credentials. SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and server-side request forgery are application vulnerabilities rather than exposed credentials; those issues are detected through code scanning tools such as CodeQL. The distinction is important: secret scanning looks for credentials, API keys, passwords, tokens, and similar sensitive values, whereas code scanning analyzes source code for insecure programming patterns. Therefore, only the GitHub PAT belongs to secret scanning.


NEW QUESTION # 49
How many alerts are created when two instances of the same secret value are in the same repository?

Answer: D

Explanation:
When two instances of the same secret value are present in the same repository, a secret scanning tool will typically generate one alert for each instance, but will likely deduplicate them to avoid redundant notifications. While the tool might detect both instances and generate two separate alerts, it will likely combine them into a single, consolidated alert to prevent clutter and ensure the user is aware of the potential security risk without being overwhelmed by multiple identical alerts.
Note:
De-duplication:
This logic ensures that if multiple alerts are generated for the same secret (e.g., same value, same rule, same location), they are grouped together and presented as a single, consolidated alert. This helps reduce alert fatigue and makes it easier for developers to manage and address security issues.
Example:
Imagine a scenario where the same API key is accidentally committed twice in the same file. The secret scanning tool will detect both instances. Instead of generating two separate alerts, the tool will likely consolidate them into a single alert, indicating the presence of the API key and its multiple occurrences.


NEW QUESTION # 50
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