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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Professional Practice Requirements | - Value study facilitation - Project documentation and reporting |
| Topic 2: Value Methodology Overview | - Principles of Value Engineering / Value Analysis
|
| Topic 3: Job Plan Phases | - Development Phase
|
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質問 # 125
Which type of cost is calculated for study items by multiplying the unit cost by the number of units produced per year?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is D. Annualized costs . In VM cost analysis, when a study item has a known unit cost and a known annual production quantity , multiplying the two gives the cost impact over one year. That makes the result an annualized cost , because the calculation converts a per-unit value into a yearly cost basis.
This distinction is important in manufacturing or repetitive-process VM studies. A component may appear inexpensive on a unit basis, but if it is used thousands or millions of times per year, its annualized cost may become a major value-improvement target. SAVE's VM Glossary defines cost as the monetary valuation of resources consumed in the production or delivery of a project, product, or process, and it also recognizes annualized cost as a cost expression used in life-cycle cost measurement. ( ) Option A, total costs , is too broad because it may include many cost categories and periods. Option B, life- cycle costs , covers acquisition, operation, maintenance, replacement, and disposal over time. Option C, incremental unit costs , concerns the cost of an additional unit, not annual volume impact.
References/topics: Information Phase; Cost Data; Cost Modeling; Annualized Costs; Manufacturing Study Items.
質問 # 126
Which of the following actions should be taken to develop a comprehensive and effective VM study report?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：A、B
解説：
The correct answers are A. List VM proposals developed and C. Focus the report on the major VM proposals .
In the Presentation Phase, the VM study report must document the results of the study in a clear, decision- oriented format. The report should identify the VM proposals developed during the Development Phase, including the recommended change, basis of comparison, cost effect, value improvement, advantages, disadvantages, and implementation considerations. Listing the developed proposals gives decision makers a complete record of the team's actionable outputs.
However, an effective report should not become a raw archive of every discussion, idea, or technical detail. It should focus attention on the major VM proposals that offer meaningful value improvement and require management review or approval. This aligns with the Presentation Phase purpose: to communicate developed alternatives clearly and obtain concurrence for implementation.
Option B is less appropriate because the methodology may be summarized, but an overly detailed methodology section can distract from the proposals and decisions required. Option D is incorrect because technical terminology should be controlled and audience-appropriate; excessive jargon weakens communication.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Study Report; Development Phase; VM Proposals; Decision- Maker Communication.
質問 # 127
Which statement best describes a FAST diagram?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is B . FAST stands for Function Analysis System Technique. SAVE defines a FAST diagram as a graphical representation of dependent relationships of functions within a project, product, or process. The diagram uses logical relationships such as "How," "Why," and "When" to organize functions. It is a core Function Analysis tool because it forces the team to examine why functions exist, how they are accomplished, and which functions lie on the critical function logic path.
Option A is incorrect because schedule networks belong to project scheduling, not function modeling. Option C is wrong because cost spreadsheets may support resource analysis, but they do not show functional dependency logic. Option D is a procurement management artifact. FAST is valuable because it shifts the team from objects and components to function relationships. This enables better creativity because the team can ask, "How else can we perform this function?" rather than merely asking, "How can we make this component cheaper?" References/topics: FAST Diagram; Function Analysis System Technique; How-Why Logic.
質問 # 128
During the Creativity Phase, the VM Study Team is identifying options that are out of the scope of the study.
The Facilitator should
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is C . During the Creativity Phase , the VM facilitator encourages unrestricted idea generation, but the study must still remain aligned with the approved scope, objectives, and sponsor expectations. If the team begins identifying alternatives that appear outside the agreed study boundary, the facilitator should not simply shut down the ideas or allow the team to vote on changing the scope. Scope authority belongs to the study sponsor or client decision structure, not only to the workshop team.
The best action is to discuss and confirm the study scope with the VM Team and study sponsor . This protects both creativity and control. The facilitator can clarify whether the ideas are truly outside scope, whether they should be parked for later consideration, or whether the sponsor wishes to formally expand or adjust the study boundary. This is consistent with VM facilitation practice, where the facilitator manages process discipline while maintaining team participation and sponsor alignment.
Option A is incorrect because scope changes are not decided by team vote. Option B addresses schedule, not scope. Option D is too restrictive and may suppress creative thinking.
References/topics: Creativity Phase; VM Facilitation; Study Scope Control; Sponsor Alignment; VM Job Plan Discipline.
質問 # 129
The Value Methodology
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、D
解説：
The correct answers are A and D . Value Methodology is defined by SAVE International as a systematic process used by a multidisciplinary team to improve project value through the analysis of functions. Because the method intentionally brings together people from different technical, operational, cost, owner, user, and management perspectives, it naturally encourages multidisciplinary communication . The SAVE Study Guide also explains that function naming helps multidisciplinary teams build a shared understanding of project requirements, which supports clearer communication and better identification of value-improvement opportunities. ( ) The second correct answer is develops realistic budgets . VM evaluates required functions against resources such as materials, labor, price, time, and other cost drivers. This function/resource relationship helps teams understand what the project must accomplish and what resources are reasonably required. OMB's Value Engineering policy also describes VE as a management tool used to ensure realistic budgets , remove nonessential costs, and maintain acceptable quality. ( George W. Bush White House Archives ) Option C is incorrect because VM does not maintain paradigms; it challenges assumptions and existing approaches. Option B may occur as an indirect benefit, but it is not the stronger core answer for this two- response item.
References/topics: Value Methodology Definition; Multidisciplinary Team; Function/Resource Relationship; VM Job Plan; VM Programs.
質問 # 130
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