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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Trauma | - Traumatic injuries
|
| Topic 2: Medical, Obstetrics & Pediatrics | - Medical emergencies
|
| Topic 3: EMS Operations | - Operational procedures
|
| Topic 4: Airway, Respiration & Ventilation | - Airway management
|
| Topic 5: Cardiology & Resuscitation | - Cardiac emergencies
|
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NEW QUESTION # 80
A 24-year-old patient is in respiratory distress after being stung by a bee. What initial management action should the EMT take for this patient?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. Administer epinephrine auto-injector.
Key findings in this scenario:
Bee sting
Respiratory distress
These findings strongly indicate anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate treatment.
Why D is correct:
Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it:
Relieves bronchoconstriction (improves breathing)
Reduces airway swelling
Improves blood pressure
NREMT/AHA-aligned guidance states:
"Epinephrine is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis."
"Administer immediately in patients with respiratory compromise from allergic reactions." Why the other options are incorrect:
A). Give a bronchodilatorMay help wheezing, but does not treat systemic anaphylaxis B). Perform a primary surveyAlways important, but life-saving intervention (epinephrine) should not be delayed in obvious anaphylaxis C). Immediately transportTransport is important, but treatment must begin immediately Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
"Administer epinephrine promptly in suspected anaphylaxis."
"Respiratory distress after allergen exposure is an indication for epinephrine."
"Delays in epinephrine administration increase mortality."
Clinical Priority Summary:
In a patient with respiratory distress following a bee sting, the EMT must immediately administer epinephrine, making D the correct answer.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Medical Emergencies (Allergic Reactions) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines (aligned with NREMT)
NEW QUESTION # 81
A 12-year-old male suffered helmet-to-helmet contact while playing football. A bystander states, " He passed out for several seconds, then walked off the field under his own power. " He is now unresponsive, and his vital signs are BP 180/110, P 90, and R 6. You should suspect
Answer: D
Explanation:
An epidural hematoma classically presents with a "lucid interval" - a brief period of regained consciousness following head trauma, followed by rapid deterioration. This is due to arterial bleeding, often from the middle meningeal artery, leading to increasing intracranial pressure.
Signs include:
* High blood pressure
* Decreasing respiratory rate
* Altered LOC or unresponsiveness
Subdural hemorrhages are slower venous bleeds, common in elderly patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage often presents with " worst headache of life. " Intracerebral bleeds are less commonly linked to lucid intervals.
References:
NREMT Trauma Module - Head Injuries
AAOS Emergency Care Textbook (11th ed.), Chapter: Head and Spine Trauma Emergency Neurological Life Support (ENLS) Guidelines - Traumatic Brain Injury
NEW QUESTION # 82
An 18-year-old patient is 40 weeks pregnant, and delivery is imminent. Which of the following actions should the EMT anticipate performing for the newborn? Select the three answer options that are correct.
Answer: B,D,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are A. Drying, B. Warming, and D. Stimulating.
These are the initial routine care steps for a newborn immediately after delivery and are performed on all newborns to promote breathing and prevent hypothermia.
Drying the newborn prevents heat loss and also provides mild stimulation to initiate breathing.
It is one of the first steps immediately after birth.
Newborns are highly susceptible to hypothermia.
Keeping the baby warm (blankets, skin-to-skin contact) is essential for normal physiological function.
Gentle stimulation (rubbing the back, flicking the soles of the feet) helps initiate spontaneous breathing.
C). Suctioning # Only performed if airway is obstructed or secretions are present, not routinely E). Providing ventilations # Only if the newborn is not breathing adequately F). Initiating chest compressions # Only if heart rate is < 60 bpm despite adequate ventilation Exact Extracts:
"Initial newborn care includes drying, warming, and stimulating the infant."
"Routine suctioning is not required unless the airway is obstructed."
"Ventilations and compressions are only indicated if the newborn is not breathing or has a low heart rate." References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Obstetrics and Neonatal Care
National EMS Education Standards - Childbirth and Newborn Care
NREMT Candidate Handbook - Patient Management
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which of the following sections are designated by command at an MCI? Select the three correct options.
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
InIncident Command System (ICS)for Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI), the four major sections are:
* Planning: Collects data and develops response strategies
* Logistics: Supplies and personnel
* Finance/Administration: Cost tracking, contracts, compensation
Stagingis atactical location, not a management section.Catering and aviationare not command-level ICS designations unless part of specific tasks under logistics or operations.
References:
NIMS ICS Framework - FEMA (ICS-100/700)
NREMT EMS Operations - MCI Command Structure
National EMS Education Standards - Incident Management
NEW QUESTION # 84
A 65-year-old patient with a history of angina reports chest pain and shortness of breath after playing golf. The patient stated the pain began one hour ago and has not stopped with rest. The vital signs are BP 86/64, P 112, R 22, and SpO# 89% on room air. Which of the following actions should the EMT do next?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
This is ahigh-risk cardiac eventdue to unstable angina or possiblemyocardial infarction. The EMT should:
* Administer oxygenif SpO# is <94%
* Avoid nitroglycerinif systolic BP is <90 mmHg
* Obtain a 12-lead ECGto identify ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and transmit it if trained and authorized CPAP is indicated forpulmonary edema, and albuterol is forbronchospasm, neither of which applies here.
References:
AHA ACLS and BLS Guidelines - ACS Management
NREMT Cardiology Guidelines - Chest Pain/MI
National EMS Education Standards - Cardiovascular Emergencies and ECG Recognition
NEW QUESTION # 85
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