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NEW QUESTION # 82
Which three conditions does the Junos OS use to create a figure-of-merit value for each BGP route in the routing table? (Choose three.)
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
In Junos OS, the figure-of-merit is an internal numerical value used by the BGP Route Damping mechanism to quantify the stability of a specific BGP route. When a route " flaps " (becomes unstable), the Junos OS increases this value by assigning a specific penalty based on the type of event that occurred:
* The route is withdrawn (Option A): When a BGP neighbor sends a withdrawal message for a prefix, Junos assigns a significant penalty-typically 1,000 by default-to the route ' s figure-of-merit.
* The route is readvertised (Option C): When a previously withdrawn route is announced again by the neighbor, the Junos OS adds another penalty to the figure-of-merit value to track the continued instability.
* The route ' s path attributes changed (Option E): If a route remains reachable but its BGP attributes (such as the AS Path or Community) change, it is considered a flap. Junos assigns a smaller penalty- typically 500 by default-for this attribute change.
As the figure-of-merit accumulates and exceeds a predefined suppress threshold , the route is suppressed and no longer used for forwarding. Over time, the value decreases according to a configured half-life until it falls below a reuse threshold , at which point the route becomes active again. Factors like local preference or the origin (IBGP/EBGP) do not trigger these internal penalty increments for the figure-of-merit.
NEW QUESTION # 83
You have several switches in your network that use Cisco's PVST+ protocol. You want your Juniper switches to interoperate with those devices.
In this scenario, which protocol would you use?
Answer: C
Explanation:
To interoperate with Cisco switches runningPer-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+), Juniper devices must useVLAN Spanning Tree Protocol (VSTP).
* PVST+ Compatibility:VSTP is specifically designed to handle the per-VLAN BPDU requirements of Cisco's PVST+. It generates a separate spanning tree instance for each VLAN and uses the same multicast destination MAC address as Cisco devices.
* Other Protocols:MSTP (B) is used for grouping VLANs into regions; RSTP (D) is a single-instance protocol (IEEE 802.1w) and is generally incompatible with per-VLAN BPDU requirements without additional configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 84
You are deploying IP phones in your enterprise networks. When plugged in, the IP phones must automatically be provided with their geographic location details by the EX Series switches. In this scenario, which protocol should be used to enable this behavior?
Answer: D
Explanation:
LLDP-MED (Link Layer Discovery Protocol - Media Endpoint Discovery) allows EX Series switches to provide geographic location information, VLAN assignments, and PoE parameters to connected IP phones automatically. This ensures phones receive location-based configuration without manual intervention.
NEW QUESTION # 85
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, what will enable active routes from both peers?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The exhibit shows router1 (AS 65001) connected to router2 (AS 65002) via two parallel physical links. The show bgp summary output indicates that sessions are established with two neighbors: 10.10.10.1 and
10.10.20.1. Currently, for the second neighbor (10.10.20.1), there are0 active routesdespite having4 accepted routes, which indicates that BGP has selected only one "best path" via the first neighbor for forwarding.
* BGP Best Path Selection:By default, BGP only selects a single best path for any given destination prefix and installs that one path into the forwarding table. In a topology with parallel links to the same AS, this leads to underutilization of available bandwidth.
* Multipath Solution (Option B):To enableactive routesfrom both peers and allow for load-balancing (ECMP) across both links, you must enable themultipathfeature.
* When the multipath statement is configured under the protocols bgp group ext-peers hierarchy, it tells Junos OS to install multiple equal-cost BGP paths into the routing table and subsequent forwarding table.
* Since both neighbors belong to the same peer group (ext-peers) and the same AS (65002), configuring multipath at the group level will apply to both sessions, allowing paths from both neighbors to be marked as "active".
* Incorrect Options:
* Option A:172.16.1.1 is the loopback address of router2. The exhibit shows peering is currently done using physical interface addresses (10.10.10.1 and 10.10.20.1), so this address is irrelevant to the current active sessions.
* Option C:Configuring the neighbor address alone without the multipath parameter will not change the best-path selection behavior.
* Option D:10.10.20.2 is the local interface IP of router1, not the neighbor's IP. BGP multipath must be configured to point to remote peer paths.
Configuration Example for Junos OS 24.4:To implement this, apply the following command: set protocols bgp group ext-peers multipath
NEW QUESTION # 86
Which statement accurately describes the operation of OSPF within the Junos OS?
Answer: C
Explanation:
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a standards-based Link-State Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) implemented within Junos OS 24.4:
Intra-AS Routing: OSPF is designed to distribute routing information and perform neighbor discovery within a single Autonomous System (AS). It divides the AS into areas to localize Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) and reduce the size of the Link-State Database (LSDB) on each router. (Option B) Algorithm: OSPF uses the Shortest Path First (SPF) or Dijkstra algorithm, not a distance vector algorithm (which would be RIP or BGP). This makes Option A incorrect.
Directly Connected Routes: In Junos OS, you must explicitly configure an interface under the [edit protocols ospf] hierarchy to include it in the OSPF process. Once an interface is added, its prefix is automatically advertised to neighbors via Router (Type 1) LSAs. This makes Option C technically inaccurate in the context of interfaces participating in the protocol.
Scope: Protocols used between multiple autonomous systems are External Gateway Protocols (EGPs), such as BGP. This makes Option D incorrect.
NEW QUESTION # 87
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