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LPI 010-160 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails

The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source

Linux Evolution and Popular Operating SystemsWeight: 2Description: Knowledge of Linux development and major distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:- Distributions
- Embedded Systems
- Linux in the Cloud

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:- Debian, Ubuntu (LTS)
- CentOS, openSUSE, Red Hat, SUSE
- Linux Mint, Scientific Linux
- Raspberry Pi, Raspbian
- Android


Major Open Source Applications

Weight: 2
Description: Awareness of major applications as well as their uses and development.

Key Knowledge Areas:

- Desktop applications
- Server applications
- Development languages
- Package management tools and repositories

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:- OpenOffice.org, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, Firefox, GIMP
- Nextcloud, ownCloud
- Apache HTTPD, NGINX, MariaDB, MySQL, NFS, Samba
- C, Java, JavaScript, Perl, shell, Python, PHP
- dpkg, apt-get, rpm, yum
Open Source Software and Licensing

Weight: 1
Description: Open communities and licensing Open Source Software for business.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Open source philosophy
-Open source licensing
-Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
Copyleft, Permissive
-GPL, BSD, Creative Commons
-Free Software, Open Source Software, FOSS, FLOSS
-Open source business models

ICT Skills and Working in Linux

Weight: 2
Description: Basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and working in Linux

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Desktop skills
-Getting to the command line
-Industry uses of Linux, cloud computing and virtualization

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
Using a browser, privacy concerns, configuration options, searching the web and saving content
-Terminal and console
-Password issues
-Privacy issues and tools
-Use of common open source applications in presentations and projects

Finding Your Way on a Linux System

Command Line Basics

Weight: 3
Description: Basics of using the Linux command line.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Basic shell
-Command line syntax
-Variables
-Quoting

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
Bash
-echo
-history
-PATH environment variable
-export
-type

Using the Command Line to Get Help

Weight: 2
Description: Running help commands and navigation of the various help systems.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Man pages
-Info pages

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
man
-info
-/usr/share/doc/
-locate

Using Directories and Listing Files

Weight: 2
Description: Navigation of home and system directories and listing files in various locations.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Files, directories
-Hidden files and directories
-Home directories
-Absolute and relative paths

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
Common options for ls
-Recursive listings
-cd
-. and ..
-home and ~

Creating, Moving and Deleting Files

Weight: 2
Description: Create, move and delete files and directories under the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Files and directories
-Case sensitivity
-Simple globbing

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
mv, cp, rm, touch
-mkdir, rmdir

The Power of the Command Line

Archiving Files on the Command Line

Weight: 2
Description: Archiving files in the user home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Files, directories
-Archives, compression

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
tar
-Common tar options
- gzip, bzip2, xz
-zip, unzip

Searching and Extracting Data from Files

Weight: 3
Description: Search and extract data from files in the home directory.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Command line pipes
-I/O redirection
-Basic Regular Expressions using ., [ ], *, and ?

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
grep
-less
-cat, head, tail
-sort
-cut
-wc

Turning Commands into a Script

Weight: 4
Description: Turning repetitive commands into simple scripts.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Basic shell scripting
-Awareness of common text editors (vi and nano)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
#! (shebang)
-/bin/bash
-Variables
-Arguments
-for loops
-echo
-Exit status

The Linux Operating System

Choosing an Operating System

Weight: 1
Description: Knowledge of major operating systems and Linux distributions.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Differences between Windows, OS X and Linux
-Distribution life cycle management

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
GUI versus command line, desktop configuration
-Maintenance cycles, beta and stable

Understanding Computer Hardware

Weight: 2
Description: Familiarity with the components that go into building desktop and server computers.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Hardware

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
Motherboards, processors, power supplies, optical drives, peripherals
-Hard drives, solid state disks and partitions, /dev/sd*
-Drivers

Where Data is Stored

Weight: 3
Description: Where various types of information are stored on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:
- Programs and configuration
-Processes
-Memory addresses
-System messaging
-Logging

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
ps, top, free
-syslog, dmesg
-/etc/, /var/log/
-/boot/, /proc/, /dev/, /sys/

Your Computer on the Network

Weight: 2
Description: Querying vital networking configuration and determining the basic requirements for a computer on a Local Area Network (LAN).

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Internet, network, routers
-Querying DNS client configuration
-Querying network configuration

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
route, ip route show
-ifconfig, ip addr show
-netstat, ss
-/etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts
-IPv4, IPv6
-ping
-host

Security and File Permissions

Basic Security and Identifying User Types

Weight: 2
Description: Various types of users on a Linux system.

Key Knowledge Areas:
-
Root and standard users
-System users

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
-
/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group
-id, last, who, w
-sudo, su


Lpi Linux Essentials Certificate Exam - version 1.6 Sample Questions (Q21-Q26):

NEW QUESTION # 21
FILL BLANK
What keyword is used in a shell script to begin a loop? (Specify one keyword only, without any additional information.)

Answer:

Explanation:
for Explanation The keyword for is used in a shell script to begin a loop that iterates over a list of items or a range of numbers.
The syntax of the for loop is as follows:
for <var> in <list> do <commands> done
The variable <var> is assigned to each element of the <list> in turn, and the <commands> are executed for each iteration. The <list> can be a sequence of words, numbers, filenames, or other values. If the <list> is omitted, the for loop will iterate over the positional parameters ($1, $2, ...). The do and done keywords mark the beginning and the end of the loop body, respectively. The for loop is one of the three types of loops in shell scripting, along with the while and until loops. References: 1: Looping Statements |Shell Script - GeeksforGeeks 1 2: unix - Shell script "for" loop syntax - Stack Overflow 2 3: For Loop Shell Scripting - javatpoint 3


NEW QUESTION # 22
Which of the following commands shows the absolute path to the current working directory?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation
The command pwd stands for "print working directory". It will print the absolute path of the current working directory to the terminal. For example, if we are currently in the /home/user/directory, it will print out that exact path1. The pwd command is useful for finding out where we are in the file system hierarchy and for verifying the location of files and directories2.
The other options are not commands that show the absolute path to the current working directory. The who command shows the users who are currently logged in to the system3. The cd ... command changes the current working directory to the parent directory of the current one2. The ls -l command lists the files and directories in the current working directory in a long format, which shows the permissions, ownership, size, date, and name of each file and directory2. The cd ~/home command changes the current working directory to the /home directory under the user's home directory, which may or may not exist2. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 103.1, Weight 2
* Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 3, Page 51-52
* How to Get the current directory in Linux - howtouselinux
* How To Find The Absolute Path Of A File Or Directory In Linux - systranbox


NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following commands creates the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt?

Answer: E

Explanation:
Explanation
The zip command is used to create compressed archive files that can contain one or more files or directories.
The zip command takes the name of the archive file as the first argument, followed by the names of the files or directories to be included in the archive. You can also use wildcards to match multiple files or directories with a common pattern. For example, the command zip poems.zip *.txt will create the ZIP archive poems.zip containing all files in the current directory whose names end in .txt. The other commands are either invalid or do not perform the desired operation. The command zip *.txt > poems.zip will try to create an archive for each file ending in .txt and redirect the output to poems.zip, which is not a valid archive file. The command zcat
*.txt poems.zip will try to decompress and concatenate the contents of the files ending in .txt and poems.zip, which is not a valid ZIP file. The command zip cfz poems.zip *.txt will fail because the options c, f, and z are not valid for the zip command. The command cat *.txt | zip poems.zip will try to read the contents of the files ending in .txt from the standard input and create an archive named poems.zip, but this will not preserve the file names or attributes of the original files. References:
* Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 3.1.1
* 3.1 Archiving Files on the Command Line - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide


NEW QUESTION # 24
Reverse DNS assigns hostnames to IP addresses. How is the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 stored on a DNS server?

Answer: A

Explanation:
Explanation
Reverse DNS lookups query DNS servers for a PTR (pointer) record; if the server does not have a PTR record, it cannot resolve a reverse lookup. PTR records store IP addresses with their segments reversed, and they append ".in-addr.arpa" to that. For example, if a domain has an IP address of 192.0.2.1, the PTR record will store the domain's information under 1.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa. In IPv6, the latest version of the Internet Protocol, PTR records are stored within the ".ip6.arpa" domain instead of ".in-addr.arpa."1 Therefore, the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 is stored in the PTR record for
165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpa. References: 1: Reverse DNS lookup - Wikipedia 1


NEW QUESTION # 25
Which of the following types of bus can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard?

Answer: E

Explanation:
A bus is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer or between computers. There are different types of buses that serve different purposes. The RAM bus connects the CPU with the main memory, the NUMA bus connects multiple processors in a multiprocessor system, the CPU bus connects the CPU with other components on the motherboard, and the Auto bus is a fictional bus that can transform into a robot. The SATA bus is the correct answer because it is a type of bus that can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard. SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment and it is a standard interface for connecting storage devices such as hard disk drives, solid state drives, and optical drives. SATA offers faster data transfer rates, lower power consumption, and improved cable management compared to older interfaces such as IDE and SCSI. Reference: : [Bus (computing)] : [Transformers: Robots in Disguise (2015 TV series)] : [Serial ATA]3) : [SATA vs. IDE: What's the Difference?]


NEW QUESTION # 26
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