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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Topic 2: Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Topic 3: Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Topic 4: Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Topic 5: Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
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32. Frage
情境 8：EsBank 自 9 月起為愛沙尼亞銀行業提供銀行和金融解決方案
2010年，該公司在全國擁有30家分行和100多台ATM機。
EsBank 在高度監管的行業中運營，必須遵守許多有關資料安全和隱私的法律和法規。他們需要透過實施技術和非技術控制來管理整個營運的資訊安全。 EsBank 決定實施基於 ISO/IEC 的 ISMS
27001，因為它提供了更好的安全性、更多的風險控制以及符合法律法規的關鍵要求。
在成功實施 ISMS 九個月後，EsBank 決定由獨立認證機構根據 ISO/IEC 27001 對其 ISMS 進行認證。
第一階段和第二階段審核是共同進行的，發現了一些不符合項。第一個不合格之處與 EsBank 的資訊標籤有關。該公司有資訊分類方案，但沒有資訊標籤程序。因此，需要相同保護等級的文件將被貼上不同的標籤（有時為機密，有時為敏感）。
考慮到所有文件也以電子方式存儲，不合格情況也影響了媒體處理。審計小組透過抽樣得出結論，200 個可移動媒體中有 50 個儲存了被錯誤分類為機密的敏感資訊。根據資訊分類方案，允許將機密資訊儲存在可移動媒體中，而嚴格禁止儲存敏感資訊。這標誌著另一個不合格之處。
他們起草了不合格報告，並與 EsBank 代表討論了審計結論，代表同意在兩個月內針對發現的不合格問題提交行動計劃。
EsBank 接受了審計組組長提出的解決方案。他們根據實體和電子格式的分類方案起草了資訊標籤程序，解決了不合格問題。可移動媒體程式也基於此程式進行了更新。
審計完成兩週後，EsBank 提交了總體行動計畫。在那裡，他們解決了檢測到的不合格問題以及採取的糾正措施，但沒有包括有關受影響的系統、控製或操作的任何詳細資訊。審核小組評估了該行動計劃並得出結論，該計劃將解決不合格問題。然而，EsBank 收到了不利的認證建議。
根據上述場景，回答以下問題：
哪個選項可以證明不利的認證建議是合理的？請參閱場景 8。
Antwort: C
33. Frage
情境五：Cobt是一家位於倫敦的保險公司，提供各種商業、工業和人壽保險解決方案。近年來，Cobt的客戶數量大幅增加。由於需要處理大量數據，該公司決定通過ISO/IEC 27001認證，以保障資訊安全並展現其持續改善的承諾。儘管該公司先前已熟練進行常規風險評估，但實施資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)仍為其日常營運帶來了重大變化。在風險評估過程中，發現了一個風險：組織內部控制機制未能發現或阻止重大缺陷的發生。
該公司遵循一套實施資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)的方法，並在短短幾個月內就建立了可運作的ISMS。成功實施ISMS後，Cobt公司申請了ISO/IEC 27001認證。經驗豐富的審核員Sarah被指派負責此審核。在徹底分析了審核邀請後，Sarah接受了審核團隊負責人的職責，並立即開始收集有關Cobt公司的一般資訊。她制定了審核標準和目標，規劃了審核，並分配了審核團隊成員的職責。
莎拉承認，儘管Cobt公司透過提供多元化的商業和保險解決方案實現了顯著擴張，但仍依賴一些人工流程。因此，她最初的重點是收集有關該公司如何管理資訊安全風險的資訊。莎拉聯繫了Cobt公司的代表，請求查閱與風險管理相關的信息，以便進行異地審查，這是最初約定的審計內容之一。然而，Cobt公司後來拒絕了，聲稱此類資訊過於敏感，不宜在公司外部取得。這項拒絕引發了人們對審計可行性的擔憂，尤其是在被審計單位的配合程度以及取得證據方面。此外，Cobt公司也對審計計畫提出了質疑，稱其未能充分反映公司近期所做的變更。該公司指出，審計期間要執行的操作僅適用於初始範圍，並未涵蓋審計範圍的最新變更。莎拉也評估了情況的重要性，考慮了被拒絕提供的資訊對審計目標的重要性。在這種情況下，Cobt公司的拒絕引發了人們對審計完整性及其提供合理保證能力的質疑。鑑於上述情況，Sarah決定在簽署認證協議前退出審核，並已將決定告知Cobt和認證機構。此舉旨在確保審核原則得到遵守，並保持透明度，同時也彰顯了她始終堅持這些原則的決心。
根據以上情景，回答以下問題：
問題：
根據情境 5 中對 Sarah 角色的描述，下列哪一項不該屬於她的職責？
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
* A. Assigning responsibilities to the audit team members (Correct Answer) - This is not Sarah's responsibility. The certification body assigns the audit team and defines responsibilities, ensuring independence and objectivity.
* B. Defining the audit criteria and objectives (Correct Responsibility) - Sarah, as the audit team leader, must establish audit criteria and objectives, per ISO 19011 (Guidelines for Auditing Management Systems).
* C. Planning the audit (Correct Responsibility) - The audit team leader is responsible for planning the audit, including timelines and resource allocation.
Relevant Standard Reference:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Clause 9.2 (Internal Audit)
* ISO 19011:2018 Clause 5.5.2 (Defining Audit Objectives and Criteria)
34. Frage
您詢問 IT 經理，為什麼組織仍在使用行動應用程序，而個人資料加密和假名化測試卻失敗了。此外，服務經理是否有權批准測試。
IT經理解釋說，根據軟體安全管理程序，測試結果應由他批准。加密和假名功能失敗的原因是這些功能嚴重降低了系統和服務效能。需要額外 150% 的資源來滿足這一點。服務經理同意存取控制足夠好並且可以接受。這就是服務經理簽署批准書的原因。
您對醫務人員的手機進行採樣，發現安裝了 ABC 的醫療保健移動應用程序，版本 1.01。你發現1.01版本沒有測試記錄。
IT經理解釋說，由於勒索軟體攻擊頻繁，外包行動應用開發公司對受測軟體進行了免費小幅更新，並對更新後的軟體進行了緊急發布，並口頭保證不會對安全造成任何影響。
以他20年的資訊安全經驗來看，沒有必要重新測試。
您正在準備審核結果 請選擇兩個正確的選項。
Antwort: D,E
Begründung:
According to ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Control 8.30, the organisation shall ensure that externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system are controlled. This includes developing and entering into licensing agreements that cover code ownership and intellectual property rights, and implementing appropriate contractual requirements related to secure design and coding in accordance with Annex A 8.25 and 8.2912 In this case, the organisation and the developer have performed security tests that failed, which indicates that the secure design and coding requirements of Annex A 8.29 were not met. The IT Manager explains that the encryption and pseudonymization functions failed because they slowed down the system and service performance, and that an extra 150% of resources are needed to cover this. However, this does not justify the acceptance of the test results by the Service Manager, who is not authorised to approve the test according to the software security management procedure. The Service Manager should have consulted with the IT Manager, who is the owner of the process, and followed the procedure for handling nonconformities and corrective actions. The Service Manager's decision to continue the service based on access control alone exposes the organisation to the risk of compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of personal data processed by the mobile app. Therefore, there is a nonconformity (NC) with clause 8.1, control A.8.30.
According to ISO 27001:2022 Clause 8.1, the organisation shall plan, implement and control the processes needed to meet information security requirements, and to implement the actions determined in Clause 6.1. The organisation shall also control planned changes and review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as necessary12 In this case, the organisation has not controlled the planned change of the mobile app from version 1.0 to version 1.01, which was a minor update provided by the outsourced developer in response to frequent ransomware attacks. The IT Manager explains that the developer performed an emergency release of the updated software, and gave a verbal guarantee that there will be no impact on any security functions. However, this is not sufficient to ensure that the change is properly assessed, tested, documented, and approved before deployment. The IT Manager should have followed the change management process and procedure, and verified that the updated software meets the security requirements and does not introduce any new vulnerabilities or risks. The IT Manager's reliance on his 20 years of information security experience and the developer's verbal guarantee is not a valid basis for skipping the re-testing of the software. Therefore, there is a nonconformity (NC) with clause 8.1.
Reference:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
35. Frage
您正在一家名為 ABC 的提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。您會發現所有療養院居民都戴著電子腕帶，用於監控他們的位置、心跳和血壓。您了解到，電子腕帶會自動將所有資料上傳到人工智慧（AI）雲端伺服器，供醫護人員進行健康監測和分析。
為了驗證 ISMS 的範圍，您採訪了管理系統代表 (MSR)，他解釋說 ISMS 範圍涵蓋外包資料中心。
選擇三個選項作為您需要尋找的審核證據，以驗證 ISMS 的範圍。
Antwort: B,E,F
Begründung:
According to ISO 27001:2022 clause 4.3, the organisation shall determine the scope of the information security management system (ISMS) by considering the internal and external issues, the requirements of interested parties, and the interfaces and dependencies with other organisations12 In this case, the ISMS scope covers an outsourced data center that hosts the artificial intelligence (AI) cloud server for healthcare monitoring and analysis of the residents' data. Therefore, the audit evidence you need to find to verify the scope of the ISMS should include:
The auditee has identified the governmental authorities' needs and expectations on healthcare services and patient data handling. This is an external issue and an interested party requirement that affects the ISMS scope, as the auditee has to comply with the relevant laws and regulations regarding the quality, safety, and privacy of healthcare services and patient data12 The auditee has identified the resident's needs and expectations on how they should protect the resident's personal data. This is an external issue and an interested party requirement that affects the ISMS scope, as the auditee has to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the resident's personal data that is collected, processed, and stored by the electronic wristband and the AI cloud server12 The IT service agreement with the data center where the artificial intelligence (AI) cloud server is located. This is an interface and dependency with another organisation that affects the ISMS scope, as the auditee has to control the externally provided processes, products, and services that are relevant to the ISMS, and to implement appropriate contractual requirements related to information security12 The following options are not relevant or sufficient for verifying the scope of the ISMS:
The auditee has identified the resident's needs and expectations on the facility and environmental safety. This is an external issue and an interested party requirement, but it does not affect the ISMS scope, as it is not related to information security12 The auditee has ISO 9001 certification. This is an indication of the auditee's quality management system, but it does not verify the scope of the ISMS, as it is not related to information security12 The auditee has identified the resident's needs and expectations on the comfort facility, medical professional's competence, and clean environment. These are external issues and interested party requirements, but they do not affect the ISMS scope, as they are not related to information security12 The auditee has identified the resident's needs and expectations on healthcare medical treatment services. These are external issues and interested party requirements, but they do not verify the scope of the ISMS, as they are not specific to information security12 The auditee is considering the purchase of a healthcare monitoring app from an external software company. This is a potential change that may affect the ISMS scope in the future, but it does not verify the current scope of the ISMS, as it is not yet implemented or controlled12 Reference:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
36. Frage
選出最能完成句子的單字：
Antwort:
Begründung:
Explanation:
A third-party audit is an independent assessment of an organisation's management system by an external auditor, who is not affiliated with the organisation or its customers. The auditor verifies that the management system meets the requirements of a specific standard, such as ISO 27001, and evaluates its effectiveness and performance. The auditor also identifies any strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or risks of the management system, and provides recommendations for improvement. The purpose of a third-party audit is to provide an objective and impartial evaluation of the organisation's management system, and to inform a certification decision by a certification body. A certification body is an organisation that grants a certificate of conformity to the organisation, after reviewing the audit report and evidence, and confirming that the management system meets the certification criteria. A certification decision is the outcome of the certification process, which can be positive (granting, maintaining, renewing, or expanding the scope of certification) or negative (suspending, withdrawing, or reducing the scope of certification). References:
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 19-25
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
* The ISO 27001 audit process | ISMS.online
37. Frage
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