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ISQI CTFL_Syll_4.0 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Tool Support for Testing0%- Tools Support
  • 1. Performance measurement and dynamic analysis tools
  • 2. Test design and test implementation tools
  • 3. Test execution tools
  • 4. Test planning and control tools
  • 5. Test harness and unit test framework tools
- Benefits and Risks of Test Automation
  • 1. Tool selection and adoption
  • 2. Automated and manual testing trade-offs
Topic 2: Static Testing15%- Static Testing Basics
  • 1. Static testing and the test process
  • 2. Value of static testing
- Review Process
  • 1. Success factors for reviews
  • 2. Review types and their characteristics
  • 3. Review phases
  • 4. Roles and responsibilities in reviews
Topic 3: Test Analysis and Design20%- Experience-Based Test Techniques
  • 1. Exploratory testing
  • 2. Checklist-based testing
  • 3. Error guessing
- Test Techniques
  • 1. Decision table testing
  • 2. State transition testing
  • 3. Statement testing and decision testing
  • 4. Path testing
  • 5. Equivalence partitioning
  • 6. Boundary value analysis
- Characteristics of Good Tests
  • 1. Coverage and efficiency
  • 2. Test case design principles
Topic 4: Fundamentals of Testing20%- What is Testing?
  • 1. Typical testing objectives
  • 2. Testing and debugging
- The Psychology of Testing
  • 1. Tester mindset and developer's mindset
  • 2. Human psychology and testing
  • 3. Cognitive biases
- Why is Testing Necessary?
  • 1. Testing's contribution to success
  • 2. Errors, defects, and failures
  • 3. Defects, root causes, and consequences
  • 4. Quality assurance and testing
- Test Process
  • 1. Testing as a process
  • 2. Traceability between the test basis and test items
  • 3. Test work products
  • 4. Test activities and tasks
Topic 5: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle20%- Test Levels
  • 1. Component testing
  • 2. System testing
  • 3. Acceptance testing
  • 4. Integration testing
- Test Types
  • 1. Confirmation testing and regression testing
  • 2. Functional testing
  • 3. Black-box testing
  • 4. Non-functional testing
- Maintenance Testing
  • 1. Impact analysis
  • 2. Triggers for maintenance
  • 3. Types of maintenance testing
- Software Development Lifecycle Models
  • 1. Sequential development models
  • 2. Iterative and incremental development models
  • 3. Agile and DevOps approaches
Topic 6: Managing the Test Activities25%- Test Planning
  • 1. Purpose and content of a test plan
  • 2. Test estimation techniques
  • 3. Entry criteria and exit criteria
- Risk-Based Testing
  • 1. Risk mitigation
  • 2. Risk identification
  • 3. Risk assessment
- Configuration Management
  • 1. Configuration management activities
- Test Monitoring and Control
  • 1. Test reporting
  • 2. Metrics used in test monitoring and control
- Defect Management
  • 1. Defect reporting tools
  • 2. Defect report fields
  • 3. Defect lifecycle

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ISQI ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Sample Questions (Q193-Q198):

NEW QUESTION # 193
Which ONE of the following options is a practice that does NOT TYPICALLY correspond to a shift left approach?

Answer: D

Explanation:
The shift-left approach focuses on executing testing activities as early as possible in the software development lifecycle, including static testing, unit tests, and early reviews. Activities like writing tests before code (test-first) and continuous integration are central to this principle.
However, performing non-functional testing at the system test level happens later in the lifecycle and does not align with the shift-left philosophy.
"The shift-left approach involves the adoption of practices to move tasks related to testing (e.g., reviews, test design) to earlier stages in the lifecycle."
"Non-functional testing is often performed at the system test level, but the shift-left approach aims to begin such testing earlier, possibly at integration or even unit levels."


NEW QUESTION # 194
Which of the following statements is true?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions. A failure is an event in which the software system does not perform a required function or performs a function incorrectly, according to the expected behavior. A defect is a flaw in the software system or a deviation from the requirements or the specifications, that may cause a failure. However, not all failures are caused by defects, as some failures may be caused by environmental conditions, such as hardware malfunctions, network interruptions, power outages, incompatible configurations, etc. Environmental conditions are factors that affect the operation of the software system, but are not part of the software system itself. The other statements are false, because:
* A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure. This statement is false, because a defect may or may not produce a failure, depending on the inputs, the outputs, the states, or the scenarios of the software system, and a bug is just another term for a defect, so it has the
* same possibility of producing a failure as a defect. For example, a defect in a rarely used feature or a hidden branch of the code may never produce a failure, while a defect in a frequently used feature or a critical path of the code may produce a failure often. A bug is not a different concept from a defect, but rather a synonym or a colloquial term for a defect, so it has the same definition and implications as a defect.
* A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error. This statement is false, because an error is not a consequence of a failure, but rather a cause of a defect. An error is a human action or a mistake that produces a defect in the software system, such as a typo, a logic flaw, a requirement misunderstanding, etc. An error is not observable in the software system, but rather in the human mind or the human work products, such as the code, the design, the documentation, etc. A failure is not a cause of an error, but rather a result of a defect, which is a result of an error. For example, an error in the code may cause a defect in the software system, which may cause a failure in the software behavior.
* Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels.
This statement is false, because bugs and failures are not different types of defects, but rather different terms for defects and their manifestations. As mentioned before, bugs are just another word for defects, and failures are the events in which the software system does not perform as expected due to defects.
Bugs and failures can be found at any test level, not only at component testing or higher test levels. Test levels are the stages of testing that correspond to the levels of integration of the software system, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Defects and failures can occur and be detected at any test level, depending on the test objectives, the test basis, the test techniques, and the test environment. References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.1.2, Testing and Quality1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.1, Testing Principles1
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Failure, Defect, Bug, Environmental Condition, Error, Test Level2


NEW QUESTION # 195
What type of testing measures its effectiveness by tracking which lines of code were executed by the tests?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Structural testing is a type of testing that measures its effectiveness by tracking which lines of code were executed by the tests. Structural testing, also known as white-box testing or glass-box testing, is based on the internal structure, design, or implementation of the software. Structural testing aims to verify that the software meets the specified quality attributes, such as performance, security, reliability, or maintainability, by exercising the code paths, branches, statements, conditions, or data flows. Structural testing uses various coverage metrics, such as function coverage, line coverage, branch coverage, or statement coverage, to determine how much of the code has been tested and to identify any untested or unreachable parts of the code.
Structural testing can be applied at any level of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, or acceptance testing, but it is more commonly used at lower levels, where the testers have access to the source code.


NEW QUESTION # 196
Consider the following list of activities (I to V):
I. Test design
II. Test planning
III. Review test basis
IV. Be a facilitator of a peer review
V. Test monitoring and control
Which ONE of the following options identifies the activities that the test management role is MAINLY focused on?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Test management focuses on planning and control activities. Test planning (II) involves defining test strategies, schedules, and resources, while test monitoring and control (V) ensures that testing activitiesare aligned with objectives and tracked effectively. Other activities, such as test design (I) and peer review facilitation (IV), are typically handled by testers or test leads.


NEW QUESTION # 197
A state transition diagram describes a control system's behavior in different operational modes. The initial state is"NORMAL MODE".
Which ONE of the following test cases covers anINVALID sequence?

Answer: C

Explanation:
State transition testing validatesvalid and invalid state transitionsbased on defined rules.
* D is invalidbecause it transitionsfrom DIAGNOSTIC MODE directly to EMERGENCY MODE, which isnot a valid state changein most systems.
* Other options follow valid sequences according tostate transition rules.


NEW QUESTION # 198
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