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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Session Hijacking | 4% | - Countermeasures - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Hijacking Techniques - Session Hijacking Concepts |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK |
| Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Security Countermeasures - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - Web Server Vulnerabilities - SQL Injection & Command Injection - API Security Risks |
| Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - Packet Sniffing Concepts - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Countermeasures |
| Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Concepts |
| Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Vulnerability Research & Databases |
| Enumeration | 7% | - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures |
| Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - AI-Powered Malware |
| Denial-of-Service | 4% | - DDoS Tools - Defense Mechanisms - DoS & DDoS Concepts - Attack Techniques & Botnets |
| System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Privilege Escalation - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Clearing Tracks & Logs |
| Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors - Mobile Device Security |
| Cloud Computing | 5% | - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Risks - Cloud Security Best Practices |
| Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Evasion Techniques - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Honeypot Concepts & Detection |
| Cryptography | 5% | - Cryptography in Practice - Public Key Infrastructure - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptanalysis & Attacks |
| IoT & OT Security | 4% | - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems |
| Wireless Networks | 5% | - Security Best Practices - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Hacking Tools |
| Social Engineering | 6% | - Countermeasures & Awareness - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Identity Theft - Social Engineering Concepts |
| Scanning Networks | 8% | - AI-Assisted Scanning - Network Scanning Basics - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Host & Port Discovery - Scanning Countermeasures - Service & OS Fingerprinting |
>> 100% 312-50v13 Correct Answers <<
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NEW QUESTION # 12
During a red team exercise at a financial institution in New York, penetration tester Bob investigates irregularities in time synchronization across critical servers. While probing one server, he decides to use a diagnostic command that allows him to directly interact with the NTP daemon and query its internal state. This command enables him to perform monitoring and retrieve statistics, but it is primarily focused on controlling and checking the operation of the NTP service rather than listing peers with delay, offset, and jitter values. Which command should Bob use to accomplish this?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The ntpdc command allows direct interaction with the NTP daemon to query and control its internal state, perform monitoring, and retrieve operational statistics, which aligns with Bob's diagnostic objective.
NEW QUESTION # 13
Study the following log extract and identify the attack.
[Image shows an HTTP GET request with encoded traversal strings, such as
Answer: B
Explanation:
This log clearly shows an HTTP GET request attempting to exploit a web server using a directory traversal attack with Unicode encoding:
* The URL contains:/msadc/..%c0%af../..%c0%af../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:
* %c0%af is a known Unicode-encoded sequence used to bypass input validation filters.It translates to the forward slash character "/" when interpreted by vulnerable versions of Microsoft IIS (specifically IIS 4.0 and 5.0).
This type of attack attempts to:
* Traverse out of the web root directory (via encoded ../ sequences)
* Access cmd.exe in the Windows system32 directory
* Execute operating system commands such as dir c: (list contents of drive C) From CEH v13 Official Courseware:
* Module 14: Hacking Web Servers
* Topic: Unicode Directory Traversal Vulnerability (IIS-specific)
CEH v13 Study Guide states:
"A Unicode Directory Traversal Attack takes advantage of improper input sanitization by encoding traversal characters (../) as Unicode (e.g., %c0%af). This bypasses input filters and accesses restricted directories such as system32." Incorrect Options:
* A. Hexcode Attack: Not a formal classification; here Unicode encoding is used.
* B. Cross-Site Scripting: Involves injecting scripts into a web page, unrelated to filesystem traversal.
* C. Multiple Domain Traversal: Not a valid or recognized attack type.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 14: Web Server Attacks # Unicode Directory TraversalMicrosoft Security Bulletin MS00-078 - IIS Malformed Request Vulnerability
NEW QUESTION # 14
As part of an insider threat simulation at a multinational insurance firm, lead red teamer John is asked to assess whether internal directory services are exposing sensitive user data. Gaining limited VPN access, he begins probing port 389 on a staging environment connected to the main domain infrastructure. After discovering that anonymous binds are accepted by the directory service, John launches a utility from his Kali machine that allows command-line interaction with directory entries. He structures his query to search for user objects with associated organizational units. Moments later, John reviews the output which includes usernames, group memberships, and departmental hierarchies all retrieved without authentication.
Which tool is John MOST likely using to perform this enumeration?
Answer: C
Explanation:
D: The scenario describes LDAP enumeration over port 389 with anonymous bind allowed. In CEH coverage, LDAP is a directory access protocol commonly used by enterprise directory services, including Active Directory via LDAP interfaces. When anonymous bind is enabled or misconfigured access controls allow broad read permissions, an attacker can query directory objects without valid credentials and extract valuable reconnaissance data such as user accounts, group membership, organizational units, and directory structure. That is exactly what John is doing: connecting to LDAP, performing searches for user objects, and retrieving organizational information and group relationships.
The Kali utility that fits this behavior is ldapsearch. It is a standard command-line LDAP client used to bind to an LDAP server and execute directory queries using LDAP filters and a base DN. With anonymous bind, ldapsearch can run queries like searching for objectClass=user and requesting attributes such as cn, sAMAccountName, memberOf, and organizational details. CEH materials emphasize LDAP enumeration as a high-value recon step because it helps map the domain, identify privileged groups, and select targets for later attacks, especially when directory permissions are overly permissive.The other options do not match LDAP directory interaction. smtp-user-enum targets SMTP for user enumeration through mail server responses. nbtstat -A queries NetBIOS name tables, typically for host and share-related information, not LDAP directory trees. dig AXFR attempts DNS zone transfers, which is DNS reconnaissance, not directory service enumeration. Therefore, ldapsearch is the most appropriate tool for this anonymous LDAP enumeration on port 389.
NEW QUESTION # 15
During a late-night shift at IronWave Logistics in Seattle, cybersecurity analyst Marcus Chen notices a pattern of high-port outbound traffic from over a dozen internal machines to a previously unseen external IP. Each system had recently received a disguised shipping report, which, when opened, initiated a process that spread autonomously to other workstations using shared folders and stolen credentials. Upon investigation, Marcus discovers that the machines now contain hidden executables that silently accept remote instructions and occasionally trigger coordinated background tasks. The compromised endpoints are behaving like zombies, and malware analysts confirm that the payload used worm-like propagation to deliver a backdoor component across the network.
Which is the most likely objective behind this attack?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The strongest indicator in this scenario is that multiple compromised hosts are "behaving like zombies," communicating outbound to a single unfamiliar external IP over high ports, and "silently accept remote instructions" while performing "coordinated background tasks." In CEH-aligned malware terminology, these are hallmark characteristics of a botnet: a collection of infected endpoints (bots/zombies) under centralized or semi-centralized command-and-control. Worm-like propagation explains how the compromise rapidly expanded across the internal network-using shared folders and stolen credentials for lateral spread-while the "backdoor component" provides persistent remote control functionality once a system is infected. The observed coordination across many hosts strongly suggests the attacker's goal is not merely individual surveillance of a single machine, but scalable remote control of many machines at once.
Option A, data exfiltration, is plausible in many intrusions, but the question emphasizes orchestration and remote tasking across many endpoints rather than targeted theft from specific repositories. Option B is inconsistent because there is no mention of encryption, ransom notes, or disruption-focused behavior. Option D, a RAT, typically describes remote control of a host, but the scenario's defining feature is the creation of many "zombies" with coordinated behavior-this aligns more precisely with building a botnet for command and control, which can later be used for data theft, DDoS, spam, or further intrusion operations.
CEH defensive guidance includes monitoring egress traffic anomalies, detecting C2 patterns, segmenting networks to limit worm spread, disabling unnecessary shares, enforcing strong credential hygiene, and using EDR to identify backdoors and lateral movement behaviors.
NEW QUESTION # 16
During a security assessment of a metropolitan public transportation terminal, a penetration tester examines a network-connected IoT surveillance camera system that is used for 24/7 video monitoring of high-traffic areas. Upon analyzing the camera's network traffic, the tester observes that it uses an outdated encryption protocol (SSLv2) to transmit video data to the control center.
The tester uses a network packet sniffer to intercept this traffic and easily decrypts the stream, successfully reconstructing full video footage in real time without authentication.
Further analysis reveals that the camera does not enforce TLS or any modern encryption standard and lacks support for mutual authentication or secure key exchange. Additionally, no integrity checks are performed, leaving the data open to manipulation.
What IoT vulnerability is most likely being exploited in this scenario?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The tester is exploiting the camera's use of outdated SSLv2 encryption and lack of integrity checks. This allows interception, decryption, and reconstruction of video streams in transit, demonstrating insecure data transfer and storage within the IoT system.
NEW QUESTION # 17
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