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| Certification Vendor: | CertiProf |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | Ethical Hacking Professional Certification Exam |
| Exam Number: | CEHPC |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Exam Duration: | 60 minutes |
| Passing Score: | 80% (32/40) |
| Real Exam Qty: | 40 |
| Related Certifications: | Cybersecurity Foundation Professional Certification |
| Exam Price: | USD $250.00 |
| Exam Format: | Multiple Choice |
| Available Languages: | English, Spanish |
| Recommended Training: | CertiProf Official Training Resources |
| Exam Registration: | CertiProf Official Registration |
| Sample Questions: | CertiProf CEHPC Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online proctored exam |
| Pre Condition: | No mandatory prerequisites; recommended for IT professionals, cybersecurity analysts, system administrators and security consultants |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://certiprof.com/products/ethical-hacking-professional-certification-cehpc |
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NEW QUESTION # 65
What is a "Reverse Shell?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A reverse shell is a fundamental technique used during the exploitation phase of a penetration test to gain interactive access to a target system. In a standard shell connection (Bind Shell), the attacker initiates a connection to a specific port on the victim's machine. However, modern network security controls, such as firewalls and Network Address Translation (NAT), almost always block unsolicited inbound connections. To bypass these restrictions, ethical hackers utilize a "reverse shell." In this scenario, the attacker first sets up a listener on their own machine (using a tool like Netcat or Metasploit) on a common outbound port, such as 80 (HTTP) or 443 (HTTPS). The attacker then executes a payload on the victim's machine that instructs it to initiate an outbound connection back to the attacker's listener.
Since most firewalls are configured to be permissive with outbound traffic (to allow users to browse the web), the connection from the victim to the attacker is often successful. Once the connection is established, the victim's machine hands over control of its command-line interface to the attacker. This allows the attacker to execute commands as if they were sitting at the victim's keyboard. The power of a reverse shell lies in its ability to circumvent perimeter defenses and provide a stable platform for post-exploitation activities, such as privilege escalation or lateral movement. From a defensive standpoint, organizations can mitigate this threat by implementing strict egress (outbound) filtering, which limits the ports and IP addresses that internal servers can communicate with. Monitoring for unusual outbound traffic patterns and using EDR (Endpoint Detection and Response) tools to identify unauthorized shell processes are also critical components of a robust security strategy designed to detect and terminate active reverse shell connections.
NEW QUESTION # 66
Can Nmap be used for vulnerability scanning?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Nmap (Network Mapper) is primarily known as a powerful tool for network discovery and port scanning, but it also possesses robust vulnerability scanning capabilities through theNmap Scripting Engine (NSE). The NSE allows users to write and share simple scripts to automate a wide variety of networking tasks. One of the core categories of scripts available in the NSE is vuln, which is specifically designed to detect known security vulnerabilities on the targets being scanned.
When an ethical hacker runs a scan with the flag --script vuln, Nmap will not only identify open ports but will also cross-reference the discovered services against its internal database of vulnerabilities. For example, if Nmap detects an old version of an SMB service, it can run specific scripts to check if that service is vulnerable to well-known exploits like EternalBlue (MS17-010).
While dedicated vulnerability scanners like Nessus or OpenVAS offer more comprehensive databases and reporting features, Nmap's vulnerability scanning is highly valued for being fast, lightweight, and scriptable.
It is an excellent tool for "quick-look" assessments during the reconnaissance phase. By using NSE, testers can also perform tasks beyond simple vulnerability detection, such as:
* Brute-forcing: Attempting to guess passwords for services like SSH or FTP.
* Malware Detection: Identifying if a server has been infected by certain types of worms or backdoors.
* Configuration Auditing: Checking for insecure default settings.
Integrating Nmap's vulnerability scanning into a penetration testing workflow allows for a more seamless transition from discovery to exploitation, making it one of the most versatile tools in a security professional's toolkit.
NEW QUESTION # 67
What is Masquerading?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Masquerading is a sophisticated attack vector that consists of an unauthorized user or process impersonating the identity of a legitimate user, system, or service within a computer environment. In the context of cybersecurity, the goal of masquerading is to bypass authentication controls and gain access to restricted resources or information by appearing as a trusted entity. This is often a critical step in the "Gaining Access" phase of a cyberattack, as it allows the attacker to operate under the radar of traditional security logging.
There are several ways masquerading can manifest:
* User Impersonation: An attacker uses stolen credentials (usernames and passwords) to log into a system as a legitimate employee.
* IP Spoofing: An attacker crafts network packets with a forged source IP address to make it appear as though the traffic is coming from a trusted internal machine.
* Email Spoofing: An attacker sends an email that appears to come from a known, trusted source (like an executive or a bank) to trick the recipient into performing an action, such as revealing a password.
Managing and mitigating the threat of masquerading requires robust "Identity and Access Management" (IAM) controls. The most effective defense is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). Even if an attacker successfully masquerades as a user by stealing their password, the MFA requirement provides a second layer of verification that is much harder to forge. Additionally, organizations can use "Behavioral Analytics" to detect anomalies; for example, if a user who typically logs in from London suddenly logs in from a different continent, the system can flag it as a potential masquerading attempt. By understanding that masquerading relies on the manipulation of trust and identity, ethical hackers can help organizations implement "Zero Trust" architectures, where every request is verified regardless of where it appears to originate.
NEW QUESTION # 68
What is malware?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Malware, short for "malicious software," is a broad category of software specifically engineered to perform unauthorized and often harmful actions on a computer system, network, or device. Its primary characteristic is that it operateswithout the owner's consent. Malware is the primary tool used by cybercriminals to achieve various objectives, ranging from financial gain to corporate espionage and simple disruption.
Malware encompasses several distinct types, each with its own method of infection and goal:
* Viruses and Worms: Designed to spread from one file or computer to another, often damaging data or consuming network bandwidth along the way.
* Trojan Horses: Programs that disguise themselves as legitimate software to trick users into installing them, only to reveal a malicious "payload" once active.
* Ransomware: Encrypts the victim's data and demands payment for the decryption key.
* Spyware and Stealers: Secretly monitor user activity or steal sensitive information like passwords and credit card numbers.
* Rootkits: Specialized malware designed to provide high-level "root" access while remaining hidden from the operating system and antivirus software.
Ethical hackers study malware to understand how to defend against it. This involves analyzing "Attack Vectors" (how malware enters a system), "Persistence Mechanisms" (how it stays there), and "Command and Control" (how it communicates with the attacker). Protecting against malware requires a multi-layered defense strategy, including updated antivirus software, strictAcceptable Use Policies (AUP), and regular vulnerability scanning to close the gaps that malware exploits to infect systems.
NEW QUESTION # 69
Can ransomware attacks happen to anyone or only to large companies?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Ransomware is a pervasive and devastating form of malware that encrypts a victim's files, rendering them inaccessible until a ransom, typically in cryptocurrency, is paid to the attacker. A critical misconception in modern cybersecurity is that ransomware only targets high-value, large-scale organizations. In reality, anyonewith an internet-connected device is a potential target. While high-profile attacks on hospitals or infrastructure make the headlines, individuals, small businesses, and non-profits are frequently infected daily.
Attackers utilize varied methods to spread ransomware, many of which are non-discriminatory. These include:
* Phishing: Sending mass emails with malicious attachments or links that, once clicked, execute the ransomware payload.
* Exploiting Vulnerabilities: Automated bots scan the internet for unpatched software or exposed services (like RDP) to gain entry regardless of the target's identity.
* Malvertising: Injecting malicious code into legitimate online advertising networks.
The shift toward "Ransomware-as-a-Service" (RaaS) has lowered the barrier to entry for criminals, allowing even low-skilled attackers to launch wide-reaching campaigns. For an individual, the loss of personal photos or tax documents can be just as traumatic as a data breach is for a company. Because ransomware can strike any operating system or device type, ethical hacking principles emphasize that every user must maintain a proactive defense. This includes regular data backups, keeping software updated to close security holes, and exercising extreme caution with email communication.
NEW QUESTION # 70
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