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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Use label selectors to schedule Pods - Understand Deployments and rolling update/rollback - Understand how to run multiple schedulers and configure scheduler policies - Understand Static Pods - Understand DaemonSets - Understand how scheduler works - Use ConfigMaps and Secrets to configure applications - Understand resource limits and requests |
| Topic 2: Services & Networking | 20% | - Know how to use Ingress controllers and Ingress resources - Define and enforce Network Policies - Use the Gateway API to manage Ingress traffic - Understand connectivity between Pods - Understand and use CoreDNS - Use ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer service types and endpoints |
| Topic 3: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Create and manage Kubernetes clusters using kubeadm - Use Helm and Kustomize to install cluster components - Implement and configure a highly-available control plane - Understand CRDs, install and configure operators - Prepare underlying infrastructure for installing a Kubernetes cluster - Manage the lifecycle of Kubernetes clusters - Manage role based access control (RBAC) - Understand extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI, etc.) |
| Topic 4: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Evaluate cluster and node logging - Manage container stdout & stderr logs - Troubleshoot networking - Understand how to monitor applications - Troubleshoot application failure - Troubleshoot cluster component failure |
| Topic 5: Storage | 10% | - Understand how to configure applications with persistent storage - Understand persistent volume claims primitive - Understand Storage Classes and Persistent Volumes - Understand volume mode, access modes and reclaim policies |
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NEW QUESTION # 34
You have a Kubernetes cluster where different teams manage applications in different namespaces. You want to enable a team to manage their resources in a specific namespace while preventing them from accessing resources in other namespaces.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1 . Create a ServiceAccount for the team:
2. Create a ClusterRole for the team:
3. Create a ClusterRoleBinding that binds the ClusterRole to the ServiceAccount and restricts access to a specific namespace:
4. Replace 'team-sa', 'team-namespace', and 'team-clusterrole' with the actual names. 5. Test the configuration by creating a deployment as the ServiceAccount in the assigned namespace and verifying that you can't access resources in other namespaces.
NEW QUESTION # 35
You have a Deployment named 'web-app' running 3 replicas of a web server. You need to define a PodDisruptionBudget (PDB) that ensures at least 2 replicas of the 'web-app' are always available during a planned or unplanned disruption. Write the YAML definition for the PDB and explain how it helps to ensure availability.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. PDB YAML Definition:
2. Explanation: - 'apiVersion: policy/vl Specifies the API version for the PodDisruptionBudget resource. - 'kind: PodDisruptionBudget': Specifies the type of resource, which is a PodDisruptionBudget. - 'metadata.name: web-app-pdb': Sets the name of the PDB. - 'spec.selector.matchLabels: app: web-app': This selector targets the Pods labeled with 'app: web-app' , ensuring the PDB applies to the 'web-app' Deployment's Pods. - 'spec.minAvailable: 2: Specifies the minimum number of Pods (replicas) that must remain available during a disruption. In this case, at least 2 replicas of 'web-app' must be running. 3. How it ensures availability: - Planned Disruptions: If you need to perform a maintenance operation that requires taking down a Pod, the Kubernetes scheduler will not allow it if doing so would violate the PDB. For example, if you try to delete a Pod belonging to 'web-app' , the scheduler will prevent it because deleting it would reduce the available replicas below the 'minAvailable' threshold. - Unplanned Disruptions: In case of node failures, the PDB helps to protect the application by ensuring that the minimum required number of Pods remain running on other healthy nodes. 4. Implementation: - Apply the YAML using 'kubectl apply -f web-app-pdb.yamr 5. Verification: You can verify the PDB's effectiveness by trying to delete Pods or simulate a node failure. You should observe that the scheduler prevents actions that would violate the 'minAvailable' constraint.
NEW QUESTION # 36
List all the pods showing name and namespace with a json path expression
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl get pods -o=jsonpath="{.items[*]['metadata.name',
'metadata.namespace']}"
NEW QUESTION # 37
Score:7%
Task
Create a new PersistentVolumeClaim
* Name: pv-volume
* Class: csi-hostpath-sc
* Capacity: 10Mi
Create a new Pod which mounts the PersistentVolumeClaim as a volume:
* Name: web-server
* Image: nginx
* Mount path: /usr/share/nginx/html
Configure the new Pod to have ReadWriteOnce access on the volume.
Finally, using kubectl edit or kubectl patch expand the PersistentVolumeClaim to a capacity of 70Mi and record that change.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
vi pvc.yaml
storageclass pvc
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: pv-volume
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
volumeMode: Filesystem
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Mi
storageClassName: csi-hostpath-sc
# vi pod-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: web-server
spec:
containers:
- name: web-server
image: nginx
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: "/usr/share/nginx/html"
name: my-volume
volumes:
- name: my-volume
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: pv-volume
# craete
kubectl create -f pod-pvc.yaml
#edit
kubectl edit pvc pv-volume --record
NEW QUESTION # 38
Get list of all the pods showing name and namespace with a jsonpath expression.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
kubectl get pods -o=jsonpath="{.items[*]['metadata.name'
, 'metadata.namespace']}"
NEW QUESTION # 39
......
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