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NEW QUESTION # 63
An organization uses an access control software that allows only authorized employees to access sensitive files. What type of control is this?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Access control software that allows only authorized employees to access sensitive files is a preventive control.
Its purpose is to stop unauthorized access before it occurs by enforcing approved access rules. In ISO/IEC
27002, access control is implemented through policies, identity management, authentication, authorization, access rights review, privileged access control, and restrictions on information access. This type of software can prevent unauthorized disclosure, unauthorized modification, misuse of sensitive data, and violation of privacy or contractual obligations. It is not primarily detective because it does not merely discover an event after it has happened. It is not corrective because it does not restore damaged information or reverse the impact of an incident. Its security value is in blocking access attempts that do not meet authorization criteria.
The principle behind the control is least privilege: users should receive only the access necessary for their role and responsibilities. For sensitive files, this is especially important because confidentiality, integrity, and accountability depend on correct authorization. References/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.15 Access control; Control 5.16 Identity management; Control 5.18 Access rights; Control 8.3 Information access restriction.
NEW QUESTION # 64
What is continual improvement?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Continual improvement is the ongoing process of increasing an organization's effectiveness and efficiency in fulfilling its policies and objectives.
NEW QUESTION # 65
Which information security principle is compromised by accidental changes in information?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Accidental changes compromise integrity. Integrity is the property that information remains accurate, complete, and protected against unauthorized or improper modification. Even when a change is accidental rather than malicious, the effect is the same from an integrity perspective: the information may no longer be trustworthy. ISO/IEC 27002 supports integrity through many controls, including access control, change management, configuration management, backup, logging, secure coding, malware protection, segregation of duties, and separation of development, test, and production environments. Availability would be affected if information or systems were not accessible or usable when required. Confidentiality would be affected if information were disclosed or made available to unauthorized parties. The question specifically mentions accidental changes, not unavailability or disclosure, so integrity is the correct principle. This distinction is central to information security because different principles require different controls. For example, preventing accidental changes may require access restrictions, validation, change approval, version control, monitoring, and recovery procedures. References/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Clause 4 control attributes; Control
8.32 Change management; Control 8.9 Configuration management; Control 8.13 Information backup.
NEW QUESTION # 66
What does ISO/IEC 27002 recommend regarding audit testing?
Answer: C
Explanation:
ISO/IEC 27002 recommends that audit testing should be planned and agreed upon between the tester and appropriate management. The purpose is to obtain assurance without creating unnecessary disruption, exposure, or operational risk. Audit tests can involve access attempts, vulnerability checks, sampling, transaction tracing, configuration review, log review, or control validation. If such activities are unmanaged, they may overload systems, expose sensitive information, interrupt services, conflict with change windows, or create false incident signals. Option B is incorrect because ad hoc assurance testing can be risky and inconsistent unless properly authorized and controlled. Option C is incorrect because audits should not normally require stopping operational systems and business processes; rather, they should be designed to minimize disruption while preserving evidence quality. ISO/IEC 27002 treats audit and assurance activities as important but controlled. Planning should define scope, timing, method, responsibilities, data handling, access requirements, and communication. The verified answer is option A because it balances assurance with operational security and business continuity. References/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 8.34 Protection of information systems during audit testing; Control 5.35 Independent review of information security.
NEW QUESTION # 67
In which group of controls does Control 5.7 Threat intelligence belong?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Control 5.7, Threat intelligence, belongs to the organizational control group. ISO/IEC 27002:2022 organizes controls by clauses: Clause 5 contains organizational controls, Clause 6 contains people controls, Clause 7 contains physical controls, and Clause 8 contains technological controls. Threat intelligence is classified as organizational because it supports governance, decision-making, risk awareness, planning, prioritization, and security strategy across the organization. It involves collecting, analyzing, and using information about existing or emerging threats so the organization can reduce risk and improve controls. Threat intelligence can influence vulnerability management, incident response, monitoring, supplier risk management, awareness training, security architecture, and risk treatment plans. Although threat intelligence may use technological tools, its ISO/IEC 27002 placement is organizational because its primary purpose is to guide security decisions and readiness. Option A is incorrect because technological controls are Clause 8. Option B is incorrect because people controls are Clause 6. The verified answer is option C. References/Chapters: ISO
/IEC 27002:2022, Clause 5 Organizational controls; Control 5.7 Threat intelligence; Clause 4 Structure of the standard.
NEW QUESTION # 68
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