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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Topic 2: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques |
| Topic 3: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Controlled substance management - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents |
| Topic 4: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Physical examination, patient assessment - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy |
| Topic 5: Anesthesia | 13% | - Recovery and emergency management - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring |
| Topic 6: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Image quality assessment and documentation - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities |
| Topic 7: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Topic 8: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures |
| Topic 9: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique - Intraoperative and postoperative care |
| Topic 10: Dentistry | 7% | - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography |
あなたは自分のAAVSBのVTNE試験を準備する足りない時間または探せない権威的な資料に心配するなら、この記事を見て安心できます。我々MogiExamの提供するAAVSBのVTNEの復習資料はあなたを助けて一番短い時間であなたに試験に合格させることができます。我々は権威的な試験資料と豊富な経験と責任感のあるチームを持っています。我々のすべての努力はあなたにAAVSBのVTNE試験に合格させるためです。
質問 # 834
A technician certified in physical rehabilitation is performing an assessment on a new patient, a 10-year-old dog. After explaining the components of the examination, the technician uses a Gulick tape to measure the dog's:
正解：C
解説：
A Gulick tape is a tool used to measure muscle mass. It provides objective data about muscle atrophy and weight loss around the abdominal area and limbs. It is a calibrated tape measure that causes no pain or discomfort to the animal and can take measurements quickly.
Blood sugar is measured using a glucometer and is not part of a rehabilitation examination. Range of motion (ROM) is measured using a goniometer. Gait weight-bearing is measured by force plate or pressure mat analysis.
質問 # 835
All of the following are common predisposing events for hypovolemic shock except:
正解：D
解説：
Hypovolemic shock results from decreased circulating blood volume. Trauma and hemorrhage are common predisposing factors and require treatment with fluids or a blood transfusion.
Heatstroke causes distributive shock, which occurs when blood is unevenly distributed throughout the body due to inappropriate vasodilatation. Other causes of distributive shock include envenomation, anaphylaxis, or sepsis.
質問 # 836
The veterinarian admitted a three-year-old MN indoor-only DSH with a three-day history of coughing. He presented with respiratory distress that started three hours before triage, and on triage, coughing and wheezing were notable. He received a bronchodilator and a partial mu agonist and was placed in an oxygen cage. He stabilized, and you've monitored him for the past two hours. You went to lunch and are now re-evaluating him. You note that he is more lethargic and tachypneic on this assessment. You check the treatment sheet and see that radiographs have also been ordered "once stable". No other treatments were given while you were on your break. You have standing orders to repeat the bronchodilator as needed and give the partial mu agonist every four to six hours or when directed by the veterinarian.
What do you think the pet needs immediately?
正解：A
解説：
Your patient is showing classic signs of feline asthma, characterized by inflammation and irritation of the bronchi. This disease causes bronchiolar constriction, increased mucous production, and bronchiolar smooth muscle hypertrophy. Disease triggers include allergens, fungal infection, other infectious agents, or idiopathic. Treatment usually consists of a bronchodilator to open up the large airways and sedation for anxiety and stress associated with difficulty breathing. Additionally, by relaxing, sometimes even sedating the pet, thoracic muscles and the diaphragm, which quickly fatigue, have time to recover.
What this pet needs right now is albuterol. The cat seems to be having another episode and likely needs bronchodilation. If he has not yet received steroids, they should be started when the disease is confirmed. He may also benefit from another dose of butorphanol, even though it has only been a few hours. But the life-saving treatment he likely needs right now would be albuterol.
Butorphanol is most commonly used both for its sedative properties and anti-tussive properties. While we do not like to inhibit cough long-term because it can prevent mucous and debris from being cleared from the airways and precipitate pneumonia, short-term, we need the pet to stop coughing, improve the work of breathing, and recover.
Corticosteroids are also used in asthma - often, injectable meds are used until the patient stabilizes and can be transitioned to oral steroids. Ideally, inhaled steroids are recommended for long-term management because of few side effects, especially when compared to the risk of chronic oral steroid use. You can talk to the veterinarian to discuss starting these. Still, you would not give them without explicit instructions to do so.
Radiographs will need to be taken once the pet is stable when out of oxygen. While a presumptive diagnosis of asthma can be made on physical exam, clinical signs, and history, radiographs help confirm the diagnosis and ensure no other underlying diseases exist.
Of course, the patient does need to remain on oxygen. If taking radiographs, blow-by oxygen therapy can facilitate taking the images and make the patient more comfortable.
質問 # 837
A horse presents with signs consistent with colic. The veterinarian on call has not yet reached the office. You do a cursory assessment of the patient and note that the patient is painful. The horse just started showing restlessness and pawing at the ground and isn't interested in food. He is also standing at the back of his stall. This started about an hour ago. The ride to the hospital was 30 minutes. Upon arrival, the owner expressed cost concerns and stated that he was only looking for non-surgical therapy options, regardless of the diagnosis.
All of the following could be used to manage pain associated with colic, except:
正解：A
解説：
Acetaminophen may provide sufficient pain relief in the early stages of laminitis or other conditions, but hasn't been studied sufficiently or found to have sufficient pain management effects in acute colic. Suppose a patient has underlying liver or kidney issues that prevent using a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID), such as flunixin meglumine. In that case, it may be combined with another type of pain medication, such as an opioid (butorphanol) or alpha-2 agonist. However, at this time, it can not be recommended as the sole treatment for colic pain.
In the acute phase of colic, we only recognize pain and discomfort and want to improve the horse's clinical condition. However, we also need to make our drug choice decision based on presumptive diagnosis, pain duration, and clinical signs severity. We want to ensure we can re-evaluate them and establish/determine if the condition is worsening, even in the face of pain management. Thus, choices may include NSAIDs (if there are no contraindications), butorphanol (though often insufficient alone, it does provide some sedation effects), detomidine, or xylazine (detomidine is considered more effective for colic pain and doesn't have the added issue of illicit drug use concerns as we are seeing in 2023 with xylazine). The alpha-2 agonists are also sedating, which can be beneficial for rectal evaluation and keeping the horse calm while still permitting walking to encourage GI movement. However, they can decrease GI tract sounds and make it more difficult to assess the horse properly.
Other pure agonist opioids may be considered, but can cause ileus and are not usually the first line in cases of early colic.
NSAIDs like flunixin meglumine can be on board for up to 12 hours. While this is good from a pain management standpoint, some practitioners fear it can mask worsening clinical disease. A horse may decline yet not overtly show this, and the patient could deteriorate faster. Thus, some vets prefer shorter-acting and/or reversible drugs to better monitor for improvement or progression.
質問 # 838
A 80-kg Great Dane presents for a gastric dilatation volvulus. As part of its initial fluid resuscitation, it receives two IV boluses, each 20 mL/kg.
How many 1 liter IV fluid bags have been opened so far in its treatment?
正解：B
解説：
Total volume administered = 80 kg x (20 mL/kg) x 2 boluses = 3200 mL
Four 1 L bags have been opened, with three fully used and one with only 200 mL used so far.
質問 # 839
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