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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Risk, sustainability, and compliance considerations | - Sustainability and ethical sourcing requirements - Managing procurement and supply risks - Legal and regulatory constraints affecting specifications |
| Understanding and defining business needs | - Role of procurement in identifying and defining needs - Alignment of procurement with organisational objectives |
| Demand management and value for money | - Demand analysis and forecasting - Balancing cost, quality, and risk - Whole life costing and total cost of ownership |
| Specification development | - Key performance indicators and measurable requirements - Stakeholder engagement in requirements definition - Types of specifications (input, output, conformance) |
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124. Frage
When purchasing routine items such as common stationery supplies. how can the business need for efficiency be met?
1. Including incentives and penalties in contracts
2. Introducing e-procurement solutions
3. Introducing competitive bidding
4. Vendor Managed Inventory
Antwort: D
125. Frage
The position of a product in its life cycle can affect the price that suppliers set. Is this statement correct?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
A firm also has to look at a myriad of other factors before setting its prices. Those factors include the offering's costs, the demand, the customers whose needs it is designed to meet, the external environment-such as the competition, the economy, and government regulations-and other aspects of the marketing mix, such as the nature of the offering, the current stage of its product life cycle, and its promotion and distribution. If a company plans to sell its products or services in international markets, research on the factors for each market must be analyzed before setting prices. Organizations must understand buyers, competitors, the economic conditions, and political regulations in other markets before they can compete successfully.
[...]
The costs of the product-its inputs-including the amount spent on product development, testing, and packaging required have to be taken into account when a pricing decision is made. So do the costs related to promotion and distribution. For example, when a new offering is launched, its promotion costs can be very high because people need to be made aware that it exists. Thus, the offering's stage in the product life cycle can affect its price.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 90-91
- 15.2 Factors That Affect Pricing Decisions - Principles of Marketing (umn.edu) LO 2, AC 2.2
126. Frage
Which of the following might be the consequences of under-specification? Select TWO that apply:
Antwort: B,C
Begründung:
Main risks involved in an under-specified requirement
* The product or service is not fit for use since it does not match the actual needs
* Higher cost due to corrections or reworks (proposal evaluations, scope or work monitoring, change in insulation materials or systems, reduced productivity, etc.).
* Higher operating cost on many fronts: process control, energy consumption, maintenance, etc.
* Other problems like corrosion under insulation, mold development, safety-related concerns, etc.
LO 3, AC 3.3
127. Frage
Ymira is asked to develop the specification for water purifier which will be used at the company headquarter. She believes that the specification can be drafted based on the information available on the Internet, such as blog posts, comparison websites, how-to websites, life hacks, etc. Which of the following traits will make the information more useful?
Antwort: B,E
Begründung:
Internet is a great source of information, however, information from the Internet needs to be tested for accuracy and reliability. To check the information from the Internet, a buyer can use the criteria with acronym SAMOA:
Source (of the information)
Audience (intended as the recipient of the information)
Methodology (used to collect and analyse the data)
Objectivity (of the information - there should be no bias)
Accuracy
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
128. Frage
The procurement officer for Hunter Manufacturing has been tasked to procure a new manufacturing software management system. They have consulted all relevant internal stakeholders and have the following high-level requirements: flexibility throughout the project, and the supplier to recommend the best solutions for building the system. Which type of specification should be developed?
Antwort: B
129. Frage
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