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問題 #186
Which document BEST determines the existence of FCI and/or CUI in scoping an assessment with an OSC?
答案：A
問題 #187
Which regulation allows for whistleblowers to sue on behalf of the federal government?
答案：D
解題說明：
Understanding the False Claims Act (FCA) and Whistleblower Protections
TheFalse Claims Act (FCA)(31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-3733) is aU.S. federal lawthat allowswhistleblowers (also known as "relators")to sue on behalf of the federal government if they believe a company issubmitting fraudulent claimsfor government funds.
The FCA includes a"qui tam" provision, which:
#Allows private individuals to file lawsuits on behalf of the U.S. government.
#Provides financial rewards to whistleblowersif the lawsuit results in recovered funds.
#Protects whistleblowers from employer retaliation.
In the context ofCMMC and cybersecurity compliance, theFCA has been used to hold companies accountableformisrepresenting their cybersecurity compliancewhen working with federal contracts.
For example:
If a companyfalsely claimscompliance withCMMC, NIST SP 800-171, or DFARS 252.204-7012butfails to meet security requirements, it could beliable under the FCA.
TheDepartment of Justice (DOJ)has pursued cases under theCyber-Fraud Initiative, using theFCA against defense contractorsfor cybersecurity noncompliance.
Thus, the correct answer isC. False Claims Actbecause it specifically allows whistleblowers tosue on behalf of the federal government.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
A). NIST SP 800-53
#Incorrect.NIST SP 800-53provides security controls for federal agencies butdoes notcontain whistleblower provisions.
B). NIST SP 800-171
#Incorrect.NIST SP 800-171outlines security requirements for protectingCUI, but itdoes not have legal mechanismsfor whistleblower lawsuits.
D). Code of Professional Conduct
#Incorrect. TheCMMC Code of Professional Conductapplies toC3PAOs and assessorsbut doesnot provide a legal basis for whistleblower lawsuits.
CMMC Official References
False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-3733)- Establishes whistleblower protections and qui tam lawsuits.
DOJ Cyber-Fraud Initiative- Uses the FCA to enforce cybersecurity compliance in government contracts.
DFARS 252.204-7012 & CMMC- Require accurate reporting of cybersecurity compliance, which can lead to FCA violations if misrepresented.
Thus,option C (False Claims Act) is the correct answeras per official legal guidance.
問題 #188
According to the Configuration Management (CM) domain, which principle is the basis for defining essential system capabilities?
答案：C
解題說明：
Understanding the Principle of Least Functionality in the CM Domain
TheConfiguration Management (CM) domainin CMMC 2.0 focuses on maintaining the security and integrity of an organization's systems through controlled configurations and restrictions on system capabilities.
The principle ofLeast Functionalityrefers to limiting a system's features, services, and applications to only those necessary for its intended purpose. This principle reduces the attack surface by minimizing unnecessary components that could be exploited by attackers.
Justification for the Correct Answer: Least Functionality (C)
CMMC Practice CM.L2-3.4.6 (Use Least Functionality)explicitly states:
"Employ the principle of least functionality by configuring organizational systems to provide only essential capabilities." Thegoalis to prevent unauthorized or unnecessary applications, services, and ports from running on the system.
Examples of Implementation:
Disabling unnecessary services, such as remote desktop access if not required.
Restricting software installation to approved applications.
Blocking unused network ports and protocols.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
A). Least Privilege
This principle (associated with Access Control) ensures that users and processes have only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their jobs.
It is relevant to CMMC PracticeAC.L2-3.1.5 (Least Privilege)but does not define system capabilities.
B). Essential Concern
There is no officially recognized cybersecurity principle called "Essential Concern" in CMMC, NIST, or related frameworks.
D). Separation of Duties
This principle (covered under CMMCAC.L2-3.1.4) ensures that no single individual has unchecked control over critical functions, reducing the risk of fraud or abuse.
While important for security, it does not define essential system capabilities.
Official CMMC and NIST References
CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment Guide - Configuration Management (CM) Domain CM.L2-3.4.6 mandatesleast functionalityto enhance security by removing unnecessary features.
NIST SP 800-171 (which CMMC is based on) - Requirement 3.4.6
States:"Limit system functionality to only the essential capabilities required for organizational missions or business functions." NIST SP 800-53 - Control CM-7 (Least Functionality) Provides detailed recommendations on configuring systems to operate with only necessary features.
Conclusion
Theprinciple of Least Functionality (C)is the basis for defining essential system capabilities in theConfiguration Management (CM) domainof CMMC 2.0. By applying this principle, organizations reduce security risks by ensuring that only the necessary functions, services, and applications are enabled.
問題 #189
Who makes the final determination of the assessment method used for each practice?
答案：B
解題說明：
Who Determines the Assessment Method for Each Practice?In aCMMC Level 2 Assessment, theLead Assessorhas thefinal authorityin determining theassessment methodused to evaluate each practice.
Key Responsibilities of the Lead Assessor#Ensures theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guideis followed.
#Determines whether a practice is evaluated usinginterviews, demonstrations, or document reviews.
#Directs theCertified CMMC Professionals (CCPs)and other assessors on themethodologyfor gathering evidence.
#Works under aCertified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO)to ensure proper assessment execution.
* CCP (Option A) assists in the assessment but does not make final decisionson methods.
* OSC (Option B) is the Organization Seeking Certification, and they do not control assessment methodology.
* Site Manager (Option C) may coordinate logistics but has no authority over assessment decisions.
Why "Lead Assessor" is Correct?Breakdown of Answer ChoicesOption
Description
Correct?
A: CCP
#Incorrect-A CCPassistsbut doesnot determine assessment methods.
B: OSC
#Incorrect-The OSC is beingassessedand does not decide assessment methods.
C: Site Manager
#Incorrect-The Site Manager handles logistics butdoes not control assessment methods.
D: Lead Assessor
#Correct - The Lead Assessor has the final say on the assessment method used.
* CMMC Assessment Process Guide (CAP)- Defines theLead Assessor's rolein determining assessment methods.
Official References from CMMC 2.0 DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isD. Lead Assessor, as they havefinal decision-making authority over the assessment methodology.
問題 #190
When are data and documents with legacy markings from or for the DoD required to be re-marked or redacted?
答案：C
解題說明：
* Background on Legacy Markings and CUI
* Legacy markings refer to classification labels used before the implementation of theControlled Unclassified Information (CUI) ProgramunderDoD Instruction 5200.48.
* Documents with legacy markings (such as "For Official Use Only" (FOUO) or "Sensitive But Unclassified" (SBU)) must be reviewed for re-marking or redaction to align withCUI requirements.
* When Must Legacy Markings Be Updated?
* If the document is retained internally (Answer A - Incorrect): Documents under DoD control do not require immediate re-marking unless they are being shared externally.
* If the document is classified as Secret (Answer B - Incorrect): This question is aboutCUI, not classified information. Secret-level documents follow different marking rules underDoD Manual
5200.01.
* If a document is being shared externally (Answer C - Correct):
* According toDoD Instruction 5200.48, Section 3.6(a), organizations mustreview legacy markings before sharing documents outside the organization.
* The document must bere-markedin compliance with the CUI Program before dissemination.
* If the original document does not contain CUI (Answer D - Incorrect): The original source document's status does not affect the requirement to re-mark a derivative document if it contains CUI.
* Conclusion
* The correct answer isC: Documents with legacy markings must bere-marked or redacted when being shared outside the organizationto comply with DoD CUI guidelines.
:
DoD Instruction 5200.48(Controlled Unclassified Information)
CUI Marking Handbook by NARA(National Archives and Records Administration) CMMC 2.0 Scoping Guide for CUI Environments
問題 #191
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