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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Ethics, Responsibility & Compliance | 25% | - Ethical and responsible sourcing application
|
| Whole Life Asset & Cost Management | 25% | - Total cost of ownership concept
|
| Sourcing Process & Supplier Management | 25% | - Stages of strategic sourcing
|
| Application of Procurement Cycle | 25% | - Key stages of procurement cycle in practice
|
If you are looking to advance in the fast-paced and technological world, CIPS is here to help you achieve this aim. CIPS provides you with the excellent Procurement and Supply in Practice practice exam, which will make your dream come true of passing the CIPS L4M8 Certification Exam.
NEW QUESTION # 194
What do STEEPLE and SWOT stand for?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
After a need in an organization has been identified/understood, defined, justified and authorized, the next stages are to understand how commodity prices are reacting, which suppliers are available and their strength.
The make or buy decision can be reached with knowledge from this; the procurement professional can consider the organization external environment, strength, weakness opportunity and threat to develop strategy
/plan of how to achieve the procurement.
'STEEPLE' is an effective way to evaluate the external environment. It helps buyers to assess factors that could affect the need in hand and helps them to develop the plan accordingly. 'STEEPLE' is an acronym which stands for, Social, Technology, Economic, Environment, Political, Legal, Ethical
'SWOT' helps the organization to analyze its strength and within the organization and the oppor-tunity and threats outside the organization.
'SWOT' is an acronym which stands for, strength, weakness, opportunity and threats.
NEW QUESTION # 195
Maximum Score: 25
(a) Outline the financial data that can be used in the process of supplier selection.
(10 marks)
(b) Explain THREE potential concerns for a buying organisation of selecting a supplier that has a current ratio of 0.67:1. (15 marks) K-cyber Shield Limited
11
Ashton Parsons is a newly appointed procurement specialist for a local government department. He has been recruited in response to a new government programme. The country ' s national government is currently promoting a programme of engagement with small and medium-size organisations (SMEs), to help build a healthy and diverse economy in the country. All local government departments have been tasked to engage with more local SME suppliers. One significant problem for SME suppliers compared with large national contractors is that they do not have the financial resources and track record of their larger competitors. This engagement programme is intended to change the reliance on just one or two large national contractors in each category of expenditure. In one category of expenditure, for a ten-year contract to supply Information Technology (IT) services to the local government department, a full invitation to tender document is to be issued shortly. Ashton has been asked to begin the sourcing process.
Ashton has received a range of data, including financial data, on one potential local supplier, K-cyber Shield Limited. All the data gathered so far has been received from independent, reliable and trusted sources.
One aspect of the financial data received to date on K-cyber Shield Limited shows that it has, at present, current assets of El 00,000 and current liabilities of El 50,000, giving a current ratio of 0.67:1.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the answer in explanation below.
Explanation:
2(a) Outline the financial data that can be used in the process of supplier selection. (10 marks) When selecting a supplier, the buyer should assess financial data to judge whether the supplier is financially stable and capable of delivering the contract.
One key source is the balance sheet , which shows the supplier's assets, liabilities and overall financial position at a point in time. This helps the buyer assess net worth, debt levels and short-term financial strength.
Second , the income statement or profit and loss account shows revenue, costs and profit over a period. This helps the buyer understand whether the supplier is profitable and commercially sustainable.
Third , the cash flow statement is important because it shows whether the supplier is generating enough cash to fund operations and meet obligations. A profitable business can still fail if it has weak cash flow.
Fourth , buyers can use the annual report , including directors' comments and risk disclosures, to understand broader business performance and future outlook.
Fifth , buyers often calculate financial ratios such as:
* liquidity ratios like the current ratio and quick ratio
* profitability ratios such as net profit margin
* gearing ratios to assess dependence on borrowing.
Finally , the buyer may review financial trends over time and use independent credit reports or external financial checks from trusted sources.
Overall, these data sources help the buyer decide whether the supplier is financially strong enough to perform the contract.
2(b) Explain THREE potential concerns for a buying organisation of selecting a supplier that has a current ratio of 0.67:1. (15 marks) A current ratio of 0.67:1 means the supplier has only ยฃ0.67 of current assets for every ยฃ1 of current liabilities . This suggests weak short-term liquidity and creates several concerns for the buyer.
1. Difficulty meeting short-term obligations
The first concern is that the supplier may struggle to pay short-term debts such as wages, bills, subcontractors or software costs. If liabilities are higher than current assets, the supplier may face cash pressure. For the buyer, this raises concerns about whether the supplier can operate reliably throughout the contract.
2. Risk of poor performance or service disruption
A weak current ratio may mean the supplier has limited working capital to support day-to-day operations. In an IT services contract, this could affect staffing, maintenance, upgrades or continuity of service. For a local government department, any disruption could be serious because public services may depend on the supplier's performance.
3. Greater financial fragility
The third concern is that the supplier may rely too heavily on overdrafts, loans or faster customer payments to survive. This makes the supplier more financially vulnerable. If costs rise or cash inflows slow down, the supplier may experience serious financial difficulty or even fail during the contract.
In conclusion, a current ratio of 0.67:1 is a warning sign because it suggests weak liquidity. It does not automatically mean the supplier should be rejected, but the buying organisation should carry out further financial checks before awarding the contract.
NEW QUESTION # 196
Describe three ways in which a buyer could or test the market in other to assist with determining a need.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Once the need has been understood, defined, justified and authorized, the next stages are to analyze and test the market. Analyzing and testing the market includes looking at the following
1. STEEPLE analysis
2. SWOT analysis
3. Porter's five forces
4. Level of suppliers competition
5. Supply and demand
6. Push and pull
7. Supplier segmentation
8. Product life cycle
9. Ansoff matrix
10. Early supplier involvement
11. Make or buy
12. Offshoring
1. Porter's five forces: The use of porter's five forces helps the procurement professional to understand the level of competition within the marketplace. Whether it is a monopoly, oligopoly, imperfect or perfect market.
Knowing these will equip the organization to better negotiate a favorable price.
2. Supply and Demand: the procurement professional must also think about supply and demand as part of their market analysis when they receive a requisition. This economic factor has a significant effect on the prices charged and on the cost incurred.
3. Supplier segmentation: in this the procurement professional start to form an opinion of potential suppliers..
They can segment current suppliers into four categories, depending on their level of integration into an organization. This can help to inform the procurement professional of which type of supplier relationship that would be most appropriate.
* Refer to the question column for response
NEW QUESTION # 197
Maximum Score: 25
Examine FIVE methods OrganiBake could use to monitor suppliers ' performance against Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles.
(25 marks)
OrganiBake, a rapidly growing bakery business specialising in organic and sustainably sourced goods, is experiencing a significant increase in consumer demand. To meet this demand, OrganiBake needs to significantly expand its production capabilities, which will involve forging closer relationships with its network of ingredient suppliers. The Chief Procurement Officer (CPO) at OrganiBake is aware that the company ' s brand reputation is built on its commitment to ethical and sustainable practices throughout its supply chain, from sourcing organic grains to packaging its final products. The CPO is concerned that scaling up production volumes quickly might expose OrganiBake to additional Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risks within its extended supply chain. The CPO recognises the critical need for transparent and consistent communication with suppliers to maintain robust ESG standards as they grow.
Recent scrutiny from environmental groups has raised concerns regarding the industry ' s water usage and potential pesticide runoff associated with some grain suppliers ' farming practices. Allegations have also surfaced about unfair labour practices in the industry and low wages at key suppliers Of packaging materials. OrganiBake ' s current reliance on a basic supplier self-assessment questionnaire for ESG assessment is now considered to be insufficient to provide the proactive monitoring required to manage these increasingly complex supply chain sustainability challenges effectively.
The CPO understands the need to move beyond a simple self-assessment questionnaire to ensure the viability of suppliers and mitigate reputational risks.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the answer in explanation below.
Explanation:
4. Examine FIVE methods OrganiBake could use to monitor suppliers' performance against Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles. (25 marks) OrganiBake currently relies on a basic supplier self-assessment questionnaire, but this is no longer enough as the business grows and faces greater ESG risks. To protect its brand reputation and manage risks such as water use, pesticide runoff and unfair labour practices, OrganiBake needs stronger and more proactive supplier monitoring methods. CIPS defines supplier performance management as assessing supplier activities against agreed KPIs and managing supplier performance, while ISO 20400 provides guidance on integrating sustainability into procurement. ( cips.org )
1. Supplier audits and site visits
One effective method is to carry out regular supplier audits and on-site inspections . These can be announced or unannounced and allow OrganiBake to check whether suppliers are actually following ESG requirements in practice, rather than simply claiming compliance on paper. For grain suppliers, audits could review water management, chemical handling and environmental controls. For packaging suppliers, audits could examine working conditions, pay practices, health and safety, and management controls. This method is stronger than a questionnaire because it provides direct evidence and helps verify whether policies are being implemented properly. OECD due diligence guidance highlights supplier assessments and monitoring mechanisms as part of responsible supply chain management. ( OECD )
2. ESG KPIs and supplier scorecards
A second method is to introduce measurable ESG key performance indicators (KPIs) and use supplier scorecards. OrganiBake could track indicators such as water consumption, pesticide incidents, waste levels, carbon emissions, employee turnover, accident rates, wage compliance, audit closure rates and ethics breaches. These KPIs should be reported regularly and reviewed in supplier performance meetings. This gives OrganiBake a structured way to compare suppliers, identify weak performance early and measure improvement over time. It is particularly useful because the business is scaling up and needs transparent, consistent communication with suppliers. CIPS recognises supplier performance monitoring against agreed KPIs, and ISO 20400 supports the use of criteria and performance measures in sustainable procurement. ( cips.
org )
3. Contractual ESG requirements with regular reporting
A third method is to include clear ESG clauses in contracts and require periodic evidence-based reporting from suppliers. For example, OrganiBake could require suppliers to comply with a supplier code of conduct, labour standards, anti-corruption expectations, environmental controls and corrective action obligations.
Suppliers could then be required to submit supporting data, certificates, payroll evidence, water-use records or environmental reports at agreed intervals. This strengthens monitoring because ESG performance becomes a contractual obligation rather than a voluntary statement. It also gives OrganiBake leverage if a supplier fails to meet expected standards. OECD guidance emphasises corrective action plans and due diligence measures, while practice examples under the UN Global Compact show ESG requirements being embedded into sourcing and reporting processes. ( OECD )
4. Third-party verification and external assurance
A fourth method is to use independent third-party verification . This could involve external auditors, certification bodies or recognised ESG rating platforms to assess supplier performance more objectively. This is valuable because self-reported information can sometimes be incomplete or biased. Independent review can improve credibility, especially where OrganiBake faces scrutiny from environmental groups and reputational risk from consumers. External assurance is particularly useful for high-risk areas such as environmental claims, labour standards and governance controls. Examples reported through the UN Global Compact show selected sustainability KPIs being externally assured, demonstrating how third-party validation can strengthen confidence in reported ESG performance. ( cop.unglobalcompact.org )
5. Grievance mechanisms, stakeholder feedback and ongoing risk monitoring A fifth method is to establish grievance channels and continuous risk monitoring . This means OrganiBake should not depend only on supplier-submitted data; it should also collect information from workers, local communities, NGOs, industry alerts and media screening. For example, if there are allegations of low wages or pesticide runoff, the company should have a process for receiving complaints, investigating them and requiring corrective action. This method is useful because some ESG problems, especially labour abuse or environmental harm, may not be visible in formal reports. OECD due diligence materials identify grievance mechanisms, stakeholder engagement and early-warning systems as important elements of supply chain monitoring and evaluation. ( OECD ) Conclusion In conclusion, OrganiBake should move beyond basic self-assessment questionnaires and adopt a broader ESG monitoring system. The five main methods are supplier audits and site visits, ESG KPIs and scorecards, contractual ESG reporting requirements, third-party verification, and grievance plus ongoing risk monitoring . Together, these methods would give OrganiBake more reliable information, help manage reputational and supply chain risks, and support the company's commitment to ethical and sustainable growth. ( cips.org )
NEW QUESTION # 198
Describe five types of contract terms that a procurement professional should create with a supplier when forming an agreement.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Terms are the right and duties agreed which are then documented in a contract. Five types of con-tract terms that a procurement professional should create with a supplier when forming an agree-ment includes; Price term is when the buying organization wants to protect its budged and spending, it include price terms in the contract, for the buyer to buy goods or services in response to a need they some-time enshrine a bespoke specification in the contract.
Payment Term is to specify when and how the buyer will pay the supplier. The buyer may include a payment term in the contract.
Warrantee is when the buyer requires a promise from the supplier that the product or service will meet the specified need in the contract.
Time is of the essence term is included in the contract to detail when a product or service should be delivered and explains the potential losses of business if time is not observed.
* Refer to the question column for response
NEW QUESTION # 199
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