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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Enterprise Firewall | - High availability - Advanced firewall deployment - Security Fabric integration - Authentication and identity - Troubleshooting - VPN technologies - Routing and advanced networking - Centralized management and analytics |
| Topic 2: SD-WAN | - Deployment and troubleshooting - SD-WAN routing - Overlay VPN - SD-WAN architecture - Performance SLA - Application steering |
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76. Frage
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the partial output of command diagnose debug rating.
In this exhibit, which FDS server will the FortiGate algorithm choose?
Antwort: B
77. Frage
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate is showing continuous high CPU usage During a maintenance window, the CLI command diagnose sys top displays the output shown in the exhibit. The CLI command diagnose twat application ipsmonitor 5 was run. but the CPU usage by daemon ipsengine did not drop Which immediate action can you take to reduce the CPU usage effectively?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
To solve this high CPU usage scenario involving the ipsengine, we must understand the specific functions of the diagnose test application ipsmonitor commands shown in the troubleshooting steps.
Analyze the Situation:
Exhibit: The diagnose sys top output shows the ipsengine process is in a run state (R) consuming 99% CPU.
Previous Action: The administrator already ran diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5.
Result: The CPU usage did not drop.
Understand the Commands:
diagnose test application ipsmonitor 5: This command toggles IPS Bypass Mode. When enabled, the IPS engine lets traffic pass through without inspection.
Implication: If the CPU was high due to traffic volume, enabling bypass would drop the CPU load immediately.
Failure: Since the CPU remained at 99% after bypass, the ipsengine process is likely frozen, stuck, or in an internal infinite loop unrelated to the current traffic flow. The process itself is the problem, not the traffic volume.
Evaluate the Solution (Option B):
diagnose test application ipsmonitor 2: This command toggles the IPS engine ' s Enable/Disable status.
Because the engine is stuck (bypass failed to relieve pressure), the " Immediate action " required is to stop or restart the process entirely.
Running option 2 effectively disables/kills the stuck IPS engine instance, which will immediately drop the CPU usage to near zero. (It can then be toggled again to restart it).
Why other options are incorrect:
A (Reduce signatures): This is a tuning measure for normal operation, not an immediate fix for a stuck process at 99% CPU.
C (Disable IPS on policies): This is a configuration change that takes time and requires a commit; it is not the most immediate diagnostic tool available.
D (Bypass all IPS engines): This describes the action of command 5 (Bypass), which the prompt explicitly states was already performed and failed.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPS & Diagnostics): " Troubleshooting IPS high CPU: 1. Check top. 2.
Try bypass (ipsmonitor 5). 3. If CPU persists, restart the engine (ipsmonitor 99 or 2). "
78. Frage
Refer to the exhibits.
An OSPF peer is advertising route 172.16.52.0/24. The local FortiGate is configured with an inbound distribution list that allows the 172.16.0.0/16 network to be injected into its routing table. However, the 1 '
2.16.52.0/24 subnet cannot be seen in the FIB.
Which two stops can the administrator of the local FortiGate take to ensure that the advertised 172.16. 52.0/24 subnet will be injected into the routing table? (Choose two.)
Antwort: A,B
Begründung:
The issue is caused by the strict matching logic of the configured Prefix List.
Current State: The rule is edit 1 with set prefix 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 and both ge (greater than or equal) and le (less than or equal) are unset.
Behavior: When ge and le are unset, FortiOS requires an exact match of the subnet mask. The current rule only matches the exact network 172.16.0.0/16. It denies 172.16.52.0/24 because the mask (/24) does not match the rule ' s mask (/16).
To fix this and inject 172.16.52.0/24, you must modify the list to match the /24 mask:
A). Add another entry to the prefix list to specifically allow the 172.16.52.0/24 network:
Creating a new rule (e.g., edit 2) with set prefix 172.16.52.0 255.255.255.0 will provide an exact match for the incoming route, allowing it to pass the distribute-list.
B). Change the ge value to 17:
By configuring set ge 17 on the existing rule (conceptually 172.16.0.0/16 ge 17), you change the logic from " exact match " to " range match " .
This configuration tells the router to match any prefix starting with 172.16.x.x that has a subnet mask length of 17 or greater.
Since the incoming route is a /24, and 24 is greater than 17, the route will match the prefix list and be accepted.
Why other options are incorrect:
C: The option text appears to read " Change the ... value to 16 " . If this refers to le 16, it would enforce the mask to be exactly /16 or less, which still excludes /24.
D: Changing the default behavior to implicit allow defeats the purpose of a filter (security control) and is not a standard configuration step for fixing a single missing route.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Routing): " In prefix-lists, if ge and le are not used, the subnet mask must match exactly. To match subnets within a range, you must define the prefix length boundaries using ge or le. "
79. Frage
Refer to the exhibit.
Which route will traffic take to get to the 100.65.0.0/24 network considering the routes are all configured with the same distance?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
To determine the path the traffic will take, we must look at the FortiGate Route Lookup Precedence (Packet Processing Flow) and the specific configurations shown in the exhibit Analyze the Routing Precedence:
In FortiOS, when a packet arrives (and is not part of an existing session), the FortiGate performs route lookups in a specific order:
Policy Routes: Configured under config router policy (or diagnose firewall proute list). These are checked first. If a packet matches the criteria (Source, Destination, Protocol, Incoming Interface), the Policy Route is used immediately, bypassing the standard routing table.
FIB (Forwarding Information Base): If no Policy Route matches, the device looks at the standard routing table (Static, Connected, Dynamic).
Analyze the Exhibit:
Policy Route Section: The output of diagnose firewall proute list shows an active policy route (id=1).
Destination: 100.65.0.0/255.255.255.0 (Matches the network in the question).
Action: It directs traffic to gateway 10.0.4.253 via oif=6(port4).
Routing Table Section: The output of get router info routing-table database shows multiple routes for
100.65.0.0/24 (Static, OSPF, BGP) all with distance 10. The Static route (S) is currently selected (* > ) in the FIB.
Conclusion:
Because Policy Routes take precedence over the standard routing table (FIB), the FortiGate will forward the traffic using the instructions in Policy Route ID 1. It will not use the Static, BGP, or OSPF routes visible in the routing table for any traffic that matches the policy route ' s criteria (ingress port 3).
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Routing): " Policy routes take precedence over entries in the routing table. If a packet matches a policy route, the FortiGate routes the packet according to the specified interface and gateway. "
80. Frage
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output from the get router info routing-table database command.
The administrator wants to configure a default static route for port3 and assign a distance of 50 and a priority of 0.
What will happen to the port1 and port2 default static routes after the port3 default static route is created?
Antwort: A
81. Frage
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